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When Fathers Begin to Falter: A Comprehensive Review on Paternal Perinatal Depression

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  • Antonio Bruno

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Laura Celebre

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Carmela Mento

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Amelia Rizzo

    (Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Maria Catena Silvestri

    (Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Rosa De Stefano

    (Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Rocco Antonio Zoccali

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

Abstract

The transition to parenthood is considered to be a major life transition that can increase the vulnerability to parental depressive disorders, including paternal perinatal depression (PPND). Although it is known that many fathers experience anxiety and depression during the perinatal period, PPND is a recent diagnostic entity and there are not enough published studies on it. Accordingly, its prevalence and epidemiology are still not well defined, although the majority of studies agree that PPND is less frequent than maternal perinatal depression and postpartum depression. Nevertheless, PPND is different from maternal perinatal mental health disorders, usually, fathers have less severe symptoms, and mood alterations are often in comorbidity with other affective disorders. Despite the absence of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and the fluctuation of prevalence rates, clinical symptoms have been defined. The main symptoms are mood alterations and anxiety, followed by behavioral disturbances and concerns about the progress of pregnancy and the child’s health. Moreover, PPND negatively impacts on family functioning, on couples’ relationships, and on family members’ well-being. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the current understandings on PPND and the potential screening, prevention, and treatment options.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonio Bruno & Laura Celebre & Carmela Mento & Amelia Rizzo & Maria Catena Silvestri & Rosa De Stefano & Rocco Antonio Zoccali & Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello, 2020. "When Fathers Begin to Falter: A Comprehensive Review on Paternal Perinatal Depression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:4:p:1139-:d:319064
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Viola Angelini & Bart Klijs & Nynke Smidt & Jochen O Mierau, 2016. "Associations between Childhood Parental Mental Health Difficulties and Depressive Symptoms in Late Adulthood: The Influence of Life-Course Socioeconomic, Health and Lifestyle Factors," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-13, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Emily E. Cameron & Kaeley M. Simpson & Shayna K. Pierce & Kailey E. Penner & Alanna Beyak & Irlanda Gomez & John-Michael Bowes & Kristin A. Reynolds & Lianne M. Tomfohr-Madsen & Leslie E. Roos, 2023. "Paternal Perinatal Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Framework Analysis of the Reddit Forum Predaddit," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Ernestine Gheyoh Ndzi & Amy Holmes, 2022. "Examining the Relationship between Paternal Mental Health and Informal Support Networks: Reflections on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-14, October.

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