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Occupational Risk for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma-Related Depression: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Gabriela Petereit-Haack

    (Division of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Safety and Environment, Regional Government of South Hesse, 65197 Wiesbaden, Germany
    Participated equally, first authors.)

  • Ulrich Bolm-Audorff

    (Division of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Safety and Environment, Regional Government of South Hesse, 65197 Wiesbaden, Germany
    Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
    Participated equally, first authors.)

  • Karla Romero Starke

    (Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
    Institute of Sociology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany)

  • Andreas Seidler

    (Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany)

Abstract

There is evidence suggesting that occupational trauma leads to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. However, there is a lack of high-quality reviews studying this association. We, therefore, conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence of occupational trauma on PTSD and depression. After a database search on studies published between 1994 and 2018, we included 31 studies, of which only four had a low risk of bias. For soldiers exposed to wartime deployment, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 2.18 (95% CI 1.83–2.60) for PTSD and 1.15 (95% CI 1.06–1.25) for depression. For employees exposed to occupational trauma, there also was an increased risk for PTSD (RR = 3.18; 95% CI 1.76–5.76) and for depression (RR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.44–2.08). The overall quality of the evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was moderate; the evidence was high only for the association between workers after exposure to trauma and development of PTSD. The study results indicate an increased risk of PTSD and depression in soldiers after participation in war and in employees after occupational trauma.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriela Petereit-Haack & Ulrich Bolm-Audorff & Karla Romero Starke & Andreas Seidler, 2020. "Occupational Risk for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma-Related Depression: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-21, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9369-:d:462090
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Karla Romero Starke & Marlen Kofahl & Alice Freiberg & Melanie Schubert & Mascha Luisa Groß & Stefanie Schmauder & Janice Hegewald & Daniel Kämpf & Johanna Stranzinger & Albert Nienhaus & Andreas Seid, 2019. "Are Daycare Workers at a Higher Risk of Parvovirus B19 Infection? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
    2. repec:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2017.303693_5 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Rosellini, A.J. & Street, A.E. & Ursano, R.J. & Chiu, W.T. & Heeringa, S.G. & Monahan, J. & Naifeh, J.A. & Petukhova, M.V. & Reis, B.Y. & Sampson, N.A. & Bliese, P.D. & Stein, M.B. & Zaslavsky, A.M. &, 2017. "Sexual assault victimization and mental health treatment, suicide attempts, and career outcomes among women in the US army," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(5), pages 732-739.
    4. Kline, A. & Falca-Dodson, M. & Sussner, B. & Ciccone, D.S. & Chandler, H. & Callahan, L. & Losonczy, M., 2010. "Effects of repeated deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on the health of New Jersey army national guard troops: Implications for military readiness," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(2), pages 276-283.
    5. Chen Xue & Yang Ge & Bihan Tang & Yuan Liu & Peng Kang & Meng Wang & Lulu Zhang, 2015. "A Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Combat-Related PTSD among Military Personnel and Veterans," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-21, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Karla Romero Starke & René Mauer & Ethel Karskens & Anna Pretzsch & David Reissig & Albert Nienhaus & Anna Lene Seidler & Andreas Seidler, 2021. "The Effect of Ambient Environmental Conditions on COVID-19 Mortality: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-20, June.
    2. Jose M. León-Pérez & Mindy K. Shoss & Aristides I. Ferreira & Gabriele Giorgi, 2021. "Emerging Issues in Occupational Health Psychology," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-4, November.

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