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A New Social Network Scale for Detecting Depressive Symptoms in Older Japanese Adults

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  • Seongryu Bae

    (Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7–430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan)

  • Kenji Harada

    (Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7–430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan)

  • Ippei Chiba

    (Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7–430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan)

  • Keitaro Makino

    (Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7–430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan)

  • Osamu Katayama

    (Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7–430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan)

  • Sangyoon Lee

    (Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7–430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan)

  • Yohei Shinkai

    (Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7–430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan)

  • Hiroyuki Shimada

    (Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7–430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan)

Abstract

Social engagement and networking deter depression among older adults. During the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults are especially at risk of isolation from face-to-face and non-face-to-face interactions. We developed the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Social Network Scale (NCGG-SNS) to assess frequency of, and satisfaction with, social interactions. The NCGG-SNS consists of four domains: face-to-face/non-face-to-face interactions with family/friends. Each domain score is obtained by multiplying frequency ratings by satisfaction ratings for each item; all scores were summed to obtain a total NCGG-SNS score (range: 0–64). Additionally, face-to-face and non-face-to-face subscores were calculated. Higher scores indicated satisfactory social networking. A cohort of 2445 older Japanese adults completed the NCGG-SNS and the Geriatrics Depression Scale-Short form. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and logistic regression determined predictive validity for depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were reported by 284 participants (11.6%). The optimal NCGG-SNS cut-off value to identify depressive symptoms was 26.5 points. In logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders, lower NCGG-SNS values were significantly associated with greater prevalence of depressive symptoms. Face-to-face and non-face-to-face subscores were associated with depressive symptoms. The NCGG-SNS is a valid and useful indicator of multidimensional social networking enabling identification of depressive symptoms in older adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Seongryu Bae & Kenji Harada & Ippei Chiba & Keitaro Makino & Osamu Katayama & Sangyoon Lee & Yohei Shinkai & Hiroyuki Shimada, 2020. "A New Social Network Scale for Detecting Depressive Symptoms in Older Japanese Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:8874-:d:453225
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alan R Teo & HwaJung Choi & Marcia Valenstein, 2013. "Social Relationships and Depression: Ten-Year Follow-Up from a Nationally Representative Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(4), pages 1-8, April.
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    3. Shye, Diana & Mullooly, John P. & Freeborn, Donald K. & Pope, Clyde R., 1995. "Gender differences in the relationship between social network support and mortality: A longitudinal study of an elderly cohort," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 41(7), pages 935-947, October.
    4. Julianne Holt-Lunstad & Timothy B Smith & J Bradley Layton, 2010. "Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(7), pages 1-1, July.
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    1. Amanda M. Y. Chu & Thomas W. C. Chan & Mike K. P. So & Wing-Keung Wong, 2021. "Dynamic Network Analysis of COVID-19 with a Latent Pandemic Space Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-22, March.

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