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Assessment of Human Health Risks Posed by Nano-and Microplastics Is Currently Not Feasible

Author

Listed:
  • Andreas Brachner

    (Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria)

  • Despina Fragouli

    (Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy)

  • Iola F. Duarte

    (CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Patricia M. A. Farias

    (PHORNANO Holding GmbH, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
    Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencia de Materiais, Departamento de Biofisica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife 50670-901, Brazil)

  • Sofia Dembski

    (Fraunhofer Translational Center Regenerative Therapies TLC-RT, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
    Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital, 97070 Würzburg, Germany)

  • Manosij Ghosh

    (Department of Public Health and Primary Care Centre for Environment and Health Herestraat 49 (O&N 706), KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium)

  • Ivan Barisic

    (Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria)

  • Daniela Zdzieblo

    (Fraunhofer Translational Center Regenerative Therapies TLC-RT, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
    Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital, 97070 Würzburg, Germany)

  • Jeroen Vanoirbeek

    (Department of Public Health and Primary Care Centre for Environment and Health Herestraat 49 (O&N 706), KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium)

  • Philipp Schwabl

    (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria)

  • Winfried Neuhaus

    (Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria)

Abstract

The exposure of humans to nano-and microplastic particles (NMPs) is an issue recognized as a potential health hazard by scientists, authorities, politics, non-governmental organizations and the general public. The concentration of NMPs in the environment is increasing concomitantly with global plastic production and the usage of plastic materials. NMPs are detectable in numerous aquatic organisms and also in human samples, therefore necessitating a risk assessment of NMPs for human health. So far, a comprehensive risk assessment of NMPs is hampered by limited availability of appropriate reference materials, analytical obstacles and a lack of definitions and standardized study designs. Most studies conducted so far used polystyrene (PS) spheres as a matter of availability, although this polymer type accounts for only about 7% of total plastic production. Differently sized particles, different concentration and incubation times, and various biological models have been used, yielding hardly comparable data sets. Crucial physico-chemical properties of NMPs such as surface (charge, polarity, chemical reactivity), supplemented additives and adsorbed chemicals have been widely excluded from studies, although in particular the surface of NMPs determines the interaction with cellular membranes. In this manuscript we give an overview about the critical parameters which should be considered when performing risk assessments of NMPs, including novel reference materials, taking into account surface modifications (e.g., reflecting weathering processes), and the possible role of NMPs as a substrate and/or carrier for (pathogenic) microbes. Moreover, we make suggestions for biological model systems to evaluate immediate toxicity, long-term effects and the potential of NMPs to cross biological barriers. We are convinced that standardized reference materials and experimental parameters along with technical innovations in (nano)-particle sampling and analytics are a prerequisite for the successful realization of conclusive human health risk assessments of NMPs.

Suggested Citation

  • Andreas Brachner & Despina Fragouli & Iola F. Duarte & Patricia M. A. Farias & Sofia Dembski & Manosij Ghosh & Ivan Barisic & Daniela Zdzieblo & Jeroen Vanoirbeek & Philipp Schwabl & Winfried Neuhaus, 2020. "Assessment of Human Health Risks Posed by Nano-and Microplastics Is Currently Not Feasible," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-10, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:8832-:d:452468
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Claudia Campanale & Carmine Massarelli & Ilaria Savino & Vito Locaputo & Vito Felice Uricchio, 2020. "A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-26, February.
    2. Evangelos Danopoulos & Maureen Twiddy & Jeanette M Rotchell, 2020. "Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(7), pages 1-23, July.
    3. Cheryl Qian Ying Yong & Suresh Valiyaveettil & Bor Luen Tang, 2020. "Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-24, February.
    4. Kyungjun Min & Joseph D. Cuiffi & Robert T. Mathers, 2020. "Ranking environmental degradation trends of plastic marine debris based on physical properties and molecular structure," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Simon Wieland & Anja F. R. M. Ramsperger & Wolfgang Gross & Moritz Lehmann & Thomas Witzmann & Anja Caspari & Martin Obst & Stephan Gekle & Günter K. Auernhammer & Andreas Fery & Christian Laforsch & , 2024. "Nominally identical microplastic models differ greatly in their particle-cell interactions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Yang Liu & Weiyu Li & Chunmei Tao & Junjie Zhao & Hongmei Zhang & Lingzhan Miao & Yong Pang & Jun Hou, 2022. "Distinct Responses of Biofilm Carbon Metabolism to Nanoplastics with Different Surface Modifications," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, July.

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