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Clinical and Obstetric Risk Factors for Postnatal Depression in HIV Positive Women: A Cross Sectional Study in Health Facilities in Rural KwaZulu-Natal

Author

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  • Nontokozo Lilian Mbatha

    (Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

  • Kebogile Elizabeth Mokwena

    (Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

  • Sphiwe Madiba

    (Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

Abstract

Postnatal depression (PND) remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in different socio-economic backgrounds in South Africa. This study determined the prevalence of and clinical and obstetric risk factors for PND symptoms among HIV positive women in health facilities in a rural health district in South Africa. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to measure PND from 386 women who had delivered a live infant. More than half (58.5%) tested HIV positive during the current pregnancy. The prevalence of PND symptoms was 42.5%. Logistic regression analysis yielded significant associations between clinical and obstetric variables of pre-term baby ( p -value < 0.01), baby health status p -value < 0.01), baby hospitalization, ( p -value < 0.01), and knowing the baby’s HIV status ( p -value = 0.047). Maternal variables associated with PND were level of education ( p -value < 0.01), monthly income ( p -value < 0.01), and source of income ( p -value = 0.05). At multivariate analysis, none of the clinical and obstetrical risk factors were independently associated with the PND. The high prevalence of PND symptoms underscore the need to integrate routine screening for PND in prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV programmes to enable early diagnosing and treatment of PND.

Suggested Citation

  • Nontokozo Lilian Mbatha & Kebogile Elizabeth Mokwena & Sphiwe Madiba, 2020. "Clinical and Obstetric Risk Factors for Postnatal Depression in HIV Positive Women: A Cross Sectional Study in Health Facilities in Rural KwaZulu-Natal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:22:p:8425-:d:444917
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Coast, Ernestina & Leone, Tiziana & Hirose, Atsumi & Jones, Eleri, 2012. "Poverty and postnatal depression: a systematic mapping of the evidence from low and lower middle income countries," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 44533, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. Siddharudha Shivalli & Nandihal Gururaj, 2015. "Postnatal Depression among Rural Women in South India: Do Socio-Demographic, Obstetric and Pregnancy Outcome Have a Role to Play?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-11, April.
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