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An Exploratory Study on Sleep Procrastination: Bedtime vs. While-in-Bed Procrastination

Author

Listed:
  • Paula Magalhães

    (Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
    These authors contributed equally to this work and should be cited as co-first authors.)

  • Vânia Cruz

    (Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
    These authors contributed equally to this work and should be cited as co-first authors.)

  • Sara Teixeira

    (Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal)

  • Sónia Fuentes

    (Facultad de Educación, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 530-598, Chile)

  • Pedro Rosário

    (Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal)

Abstract

Sleep Procrastination literature has focused on the behaviors individuals engage in before going to bed (Bedtime Procrastination) but not on the behaviors individuals engage in after going to bed (While-in-Bed Procrastination). The main goal of this study is to explore whether this While-in-Bed procrastination is a novel phenomenon that adds to the Sleep Procrastination literature. The study was conducted online with 400 high school students ( M age = 16.56; 139 males) recruited through personal contacts and social media. The Bedtime procrastination scale was adapted and validated for this sample, whereas the While-in-Bed Procrastination scale was developed for this study. Data show a low correlation (r = 0.158 **) between Bedtime and While-in-Bed Procrastination scales, suggesting that Sleep Procrastination may be composed of the two facets. Additionally, results showed that more Bedtime Procrastination was related to later waking time and later dinnertime hours, whereas more While-in-Bed Procrastination was linked to being male, later desired time to sleep, and earlier dinnertime hour. Findings indicate that solely assessing Bedtime Procrastination as representing the procrastination of Sleep is limited and overlooks a significant part of this behavior. This exploratory study adds a new perspective to the literature by stressing the role of While-in-Bed Procrastination, thus opening new research pathways.

Suggested Citation

  • Paula Magalhães & Vânia Cruz & Sara Teixeira & Sónia Fuentes & Pedro Rosário, 2020. "An Exploratory Study on Sleep Procrastination: Bedtime vs. While-in-Bed Procrastination," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5892-:d:398747
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Manfred E Beutel & Eva M Klein & Stefan Aufenanger & Elmar Brähler & Michael Dreier & Kai W Müller & Oliver Quiring & Leonard Reinecke & Gabriele Schmutzer & Birgit Stark & Klaus Wölfling, 2016. "Procrastination, Distress and Life Satisfaction across the Age Range – A German Representative Community Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(2), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Leeba Rezaie & Shima Heydari & Ethan Paschall & Habibolah Khazaie & Dena Sadeghi Bahmani & Serge Brand, 2020. "A Mixed-Method Modified Delphi Study toward Identifying Key Elements of Psychotherapy in Iran," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-17, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Paula Magalhães & Beatriz Pereira & André Oliveira & David Santos & José Carlos Núñez & Pedro Rosário, 2021. "The Mediator Role of Routines on the Relationship between General Procrastination, Academic Procrastination and Perceived Importance of Sleep and Bedtime Procrastination," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Hongxing Chen & Guodong Zhang & Zhenhuan Wang & Siyuan Feng & Hansen Li, 2022. "The Associations between Daytime Physical Activity, While-in-Bed Smartphone Use, Sleep Delay, and Sleep Quality: A 24-h Investigation among Chinese College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-10, August.

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