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Fine Particulate Matter and Gaseous Compounds in Kitchens and Outdoor Air of Different Dwellings

Author

Listed:
  • Célia Alves

    (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Ana Vicente

    (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Ana Rita Oliveira

    (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Carla Candeias

    (Geobiosciences, Geotechnologies and Geoengineering Research Centre (GeoBioTec), Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Estela Vicente

    (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Teresa Nunes

    (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Mário Cerqueira

    (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Margarita Evtyugina

    (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Fernando Rocha

    (Geobiosciences, Geotechnologies and Geoengineering Research Centre (GeoBioTec), Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Susana Marta Almeida

    (Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal)

Abstract

Passive diffusion tubes for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyls and low volume particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) samplers were used simultaneously in kitchens and outdoor air of four dwellings. PM 2.5 filters were analysed for their carbonaceous content (organic and elemental carbon, OC and EC) by a thermo-optical technique and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and plasticisers by GC-MS. The morphology and chemical composition of selected PM 2.5 samples were characterised by SEM-EDS. The mean indoor PM 2.5 concentrations ranged from 14 µg m −3 to 30 µg m −3 , while the outdoor levels varied from 18 µg m −3 to 30 µg m −3 . Total carbon represented up to 40% of the PM 2.5 mass. In general, the indoor OC/EC ratios were higher than the outdoor values. Indoor-to-outdoor ratios higher than 1 were observed for VOCs, carbonyls and plasticisers. PAH levels were much higher in the outdoor air. The particulate material was mainly composed of soot aggregates, fly ashes and mineral particles. The hazard quotients associated with VOC inhalation suggested a low probability of non-cancer effects, while the cancer risk was found to be low, but not negligible. Residential exposure to PAHs was dominated by benzo[a]pyrene and has shown to pose an insignificant cancer risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Célia Alves & Ana Vicente & Ana Rita Oliveira & Carla Candeias & Estela Vicente & Teresa Nunes & Mário Cerqueira & Margarita Evtyugina & Fernando Rocha & Susana Marta Almeida, 2020. "Fine Particulate Matter and Gaseous Compounds in Kitchens and Outdoor Air of Different Dwellings," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:14:p:5256-:d:387446
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Adama Sana & Nicolas Meda & Gisèle Badoum & Benoit Kafando & Catherine Bouland, 2019. "Primary Cooking Fuel Choice and Respiratory Health Outcomes among Women in Charge of Household Cooking in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Veena Muralidharan & Thomas E. Sussan & Sneha Limaye & Kirsten Koehler & D'Ann L. Williams & Ana M. Rule & Sanjay Juvekar & Patrick N. Breysse & Sundeep Salvi & Shyam Biswal, 2015. "Field Testing of Alternative Cookstove Performance in a Rural Setting of Western India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-15, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Grzegorz Majewski, 2022. "Particulate Matter Concentration in Selected Facilities as an Indicator of Exposure to Their Service Activities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-18, August.

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