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Violence as the Most Frequent Cause of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries among the Patients from Low- and Middle-Income Countries—A Retrospective Study at a Level I Trauma University Emergency Department in Switzerland

Author

Listed:
  • Triantafillos Loutroukis

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
    Equal contributions and equal shares in the first position.)

  • Ekaterini Loutrouki

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
    Equal contributions and equal shares in the first position.)

  • Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland)

  • Sabine Koba

    (Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland)

  • Fabian Schlittler

    (Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland)

  • Benoit Schaller

    (Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland)

  • Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland)

  • Michael Doulberis

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
    Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland)

  • David S. Srivastava

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland)

  • Silvana Papoutsi

    (Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland)

  • John Patrik M. Burkhard

    (Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland)

Abstract

Preventive strategies can be developed by gathering more information about oral and maxillofacial injuries and oral pathologies in immigrants from low- to middle-income countries (LMIC). Additional information on the quality of care can also improve the allocation of clinical resources for the management of these patients. We studied immigrants from LMIC who presented in the emergency department (ED) at Berne University Hospital with dental problems or oral or maxillofacial injuries. The patient data included age, gender, nationality, the etiology and type of trauma and infection in the oral-maxillofacial area, and overall costs. The greatest incidence of maxillofacial injuries was observed in the age group of 16–35 years ( n = 128, 63.6%, p = 0.009), with males outnumbering females in all age groups. Trauma cases were most frequent in the late evening and were mostly associated with violence ( n = 82, 55.4%, p = 0.001). The most common fracture was fracture of the nose ( n = 31). The mean costs were approximately the same for men (mean = 2466.02 Swiss francs) and women (mean = 2117.95 Swiss francs) with maxillofacial injuries but were greater than for isolated dental problems. In conclusion, the etiology of dental and maxillofacial injuries in immigrants in Switzerland requires better support in the prevention of violence and continued promotion of oral health education.

Suggested Citation

  • Triantafillos Loutroukis & Ekaterini Loutrouki & Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler & Sabine Koba & Fabian Schlittler & Benoit Schaller & Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos & Michael Doulberis & David S. Srivastava & , 2020. "Violence as the Most Frequent Cause of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries among the Patients from Low- and Middle-Income Countries—A Retrospective Study at a Level I Trauma University Emergency Departmen," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:13:p:4906-:d:381516
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jolanta Klukowska-Röetzler & Maria Eracleous & Martin Müller & David S. Srivastava & Gert Krummrey & Osnat Keidar & Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, 2018. "Increased Urgent Care Center Visits by Southeast European Migrants: A Retrospective, Controlled Trial from Switzerland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Rana Dahlan & Ebtehal Ghazal & Humam Saltaji & Bukola Salami & Maryam Amin, 2019. "Impact of social support on oral health among immigrants and ethnic minorities: A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, June.
    3. Sun, B.C. & Chi, D.L. & Schwarz, E. & Milgrom, P. & Yagapen, A. & Malveau, S. & Chen, Z. & Chan, B. & Danner, S. & Owen, E. & Morton, V. & Lowe, R.A., 2015. "Emergency department visits for nontraumatic dental problems: A mixed-methods study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105(5), pages 947-955.
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