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Trend in the Prevalence of Non-Daily Smoking and Their Relationship with Mental Health Using the Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

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  • Yunna Kwan

    (Department of psychiatry, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju 26426, Korea)

  • Hye Sim Kim

    (Center of Biomedical Data Science (CBDS), Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea)

  • Dae Ryong Kang

    (Center of Biomedical Data Science (CBDS), Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea)

  • Tae Hui Kim

    (Department of psychiatry, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju 26426, Korea
    Department of psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea)

Abstract

Introduction: Non-Daily Smoking (NDS), which is increasingly prevalent worldwide, has not yet attracted as much attention as has daily smoking in Asia. The aims of this study were to identify trends in the prevalence of NDS and to compare characteristics by age, gender, and mental health indicators such as depression, suicidality, and alcohol consumption in South Korea. Methods: We included 33,806 adults (aged ≥ 19 years) who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) from 2010 to 2015. The dataset includes self-reported medical history and questionnaires that explore depression, suicidality, and alcohol use, which are known to be highly related to smoking. We divided the respondents into four groups according to smoking status: Never Smoking (NS, N = 20,270); Past Smoking (PS = 6835); Daily Smoking (DS = 5927), who reported smoking every day; and Non-Daily Smoking (NDS = 774), who reported that they sometimes smoke. Results: Increased NDS prevalence is observed in most age groups in both male and female adults despite the prevalence of total smoking and daily smoking gradually decreasing. Depression and suicidality were significantly more prevalent in the NDS than the NS group (Depression Odds ratio, OR = 1.72, 95% Confidence interval, CI = 1.31–2.26; Suicidality OR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.40–7.02). NDS is also associated with a higher frequency of binge drinking and alcohol use disorder than NS (OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 3.49–4.99). Conclusions: This study suggests that more concern is warranted for NDS given the increasing prevalence and characteristics of poor mental health in NDS respondents.

Suggested Citation

  • Yunna Kwan & Hye Sim Kim & Dae Ryong Kang & Tae Hui Kim, 2020. "Trend in the Prevalence of Non-Daily Smoking and Their Relationship with Mental Health Using the Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:10:p:3396-:d:357499
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Austin, S.B. & Gortmaker, S.L., 2001. "Dieting and smoking initiation in early adolescent girls and boys: A prospective study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(3), pages 446-450.
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    3. Jinhee Lee & Tae Hui Kim & Seongho Min & Min-Hyuk Kim & Ki Chang Park & Jin Sil Moon & Joung-Sook Ahn, 2018. "Depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours in adolescent non-daily smokers compared to daily smokers and never-smokers in Korea: National cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, November.
    4. Bell, B.A. & Onwuegbuzie, A.J. & Ferron, J.M. & Jiao, Q.G. & Hibbard, S.T. & Kromrey, J.D., 2012. "Use of design effects and sample weights in complex health survey data: A review of published articles using data from 3 commonly used adolescent health surveys," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(7), pages 1399-1405.
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