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Exposure of Agriculture Workers to Pesticides: The Effect of Heat on Protective Glove Performance and Skin Exposure to Dichlorvos

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Listed:
  • Leigh Thredgold

    (Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia)

  • Sharyn Gaskin

    (Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia)

  • Chloe Quy

    (Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
    AgroParisTech, Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences, 75231 Paris, France)

  • Dino Pisaniello

    (Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia)

Abstract

Dichlorvos is a toxic organophosphate insecticide that is used in agriculture and other insecticide applications. Dermal uptake is a known exposure route for dichlorvos and chemical protective gloves are commonly utilized. Chemical handling and application may occur in a variety of thermal environments, and the rates of both chemical permeation through gloves and transdermal penetration may vary significantly with temperature. There has been no published research on the temperature-dependent kinetics of these processes for dichlorvos and thus, this study reports on the effects of hot conditions for the concentrated and application strength chemical. Dichlorvos breakthrough times for non-disposable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves at 60 °C were approximately halved compared to 25 °C for the concentrate (2 vs. 4 h) and more than halved at application strength (3 vs. >8 h). From permeation experiments covering 15–60 °C, there was a 460-fold increase in cumulative permeation over 8 h for the concentrated dichlorvos and the estimated activation energy halved. Elevated temperature was also shown to be a significant factor for human skin penetration increasing the cumulative penetration of concentrate dichlorvos from 179 ± 37 to 1315 ± 362 µg/cm 2 ( p = 0.0032) and application strength from 29.8 ± 5.7 to 115 ± 19 µg/cm 2 ( p = 0.0131). This work illustrates the important role temperature plays in glove performance and health risk via dermal exposure. As such, it is important to consider in-use conditions of temperature when implementing chemical hygiene programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Leigh Thredgold & Sharyn Gaskin & Chloe Quy & Dino Pisaniello, 2019. "Exposure of Agriculture Workers to Pesticides: The Effect of Heat on Protective Glove Performance and Skin Exposure to Dichlorvos," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:23:p:4798-:d:292288
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ming Ye & Jeremy Beach & Jonathan W. Martin & Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, 2013. "Occupational Pesticide Exposures and Respiratory Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-30, November.
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