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Evaluation of Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in Adolescents from Estonia: The AdolesHealth Study

Author

Listed:
  • Pablo Galan-Lopez

    (Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Raúl Domínguez

    (Faculty of Health Sciences of Universidad Isabel I, Universidad Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain)

  • Maret Pihu

    (Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51005 Tartu, Estonia)

  • Thordis Gísladóttir

    (Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, 105 Reykjavík, Iceland)

  • Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver

    (Human Motricity and Sports Performance, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain)

  • Francis Ries

    (Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain)

Abstract

Unhealthy lifestyles, low levels of physical fitness, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) are associated with bad quality of life and the development of a wide range of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The current study aimed to evaluate the level of adherence to the MD in physical fitness performance and body composition parameters in children and adolescents of Estonia. Therefore, 413 adolescents (56% boys) from the city of Tartu completed the Mediterranean Diet Questionnaire (KIDMED) for analyzing the adherence to MD and performed the Alpha Fitness Test for measuring physical fitness and body composition. A 41.67% of low, 44.05% of average, and 14.28% of high adherence to MD was detected, without difference between genders ( p = 0.747). In the Alpha Fitness battery, a higher performance was observed in all tests for boys vs. girls ( p < 0.05). In relation to body composition, higher height, weight, and waist values were observed in boys ( p < 0.05) and a lower body fat percentage ( p < 0.01) without differences in body mass index (BMI; p = 0.906). The adherence to the MD is classified as average/low. Gender significantly influences all variables of the Alpha Fitness battery and anthropometrics measures excepting BMI. According the levels of adherence to the MD, no statistically different prevalence was observed for Non-Overweight (N-O weight ), Non-Overfat (N-O fat ), or Non-Overwaist (N-O waist ). Still, a risk factor for Overweight (O weight ) in boys with low adherence was observed in comparison to those with a mid-level of adherence to the MD.

Suggested Citation

  • Pablo Galan-Lopez & Raúl Domínguez & Maret Pihu & Thordis Gísladóttir & Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver & Francis Ries, 2019. "Evaluation of Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in Adolescents from Estonia: The AdolesHealth Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:22:p:4479-:d:286703
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emilio Villa-González & Jonatan R. Ruiz & Palma Chillón, 2015. "Associations between Active Commuting to School and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Spanish School-Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Pablo Galan-Lopez & Francis Ries & Thordis Gisladottir & Raúl Domínguez & Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver, 2018. "Healthy Lifestyle: Relationship between Mediterranean Diet, Body Composition and Physical Fitness in 13 to 16-Years Old Icelandic Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-15, November.
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    1. Samuel Manzano-Carrasco & Jose Luis Felipe & Javier Sanchez-Sanchez & Antonio Hernandez-Martin & Ivan Clavel & Leonor Gallardo & Jorge Garcia-Unanue, 2020. "Relationship between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Body Composition with Physical Fitness Parameters in a Young Active Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-10, May.
    2. Pablo Galan-Lopez & Isabel Lopez-Cobo & Irene García-Lázaro & Francis Ries, 2022. "Associations between Motives for Physical Exercise, Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-11, October.
    3. José Enrique Moral-García & Antonio David Agraso-López & Antonio Jesús Ramos-Morcillo & Alfredo Jiménez & Alfredo Jiménez-Eguizábal, 2020. "The Influence of Physical Activity, Diet, Weight Status and Substance Abuse on Students’ Self-Perceived Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-14, February.

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