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Illegal Dumping of Toxic Waste and Its Effect on Human Health in Campania, Italy

Author

Listed:
  • Alfredo Mazza

    (General Hospital Sarno, Local Health Authority ASL Salerno, 84087 Sarno, Italy
    National Research Council (CNR), ISPAAM, 80100 Naples, Italy)

  • Prisco Piscitelli

    (Southern Italy Hospital Institute, 80100 Naples, Italy
    Coleman Ltd., 80100 Naples, Italy
    All the five authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Cosimo Neglia

    (Euro Mediterranean Scientific Biomedical Institute, 72100 Brindisi, Italy
    All the five authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Giulia Della Rosa

    (Euro Mediterranean Scientific Biomedical Institute, 72100 Brindisi, Italy
    All the five authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Leopoldo Iannuzzi

    (National Research Council (CNR), ISPAAM, 80100 Naples, Italy
    All the five authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The region of Campania (particularly Naples and Caserta) has experienced an emergency in the waste management cycle during past years. Although the most critical phase has been overcome after the construction of the incineration plant in Acerra (an old-fashioned technology built up over a few months, whose impact on environment and health has not yet been assessed), most of the underlying problems have not been resolved. The illegal burning of wheels, plastics, textiles, and other industrial residuals, along with the detection of two thousand toxic substance dumping sites, still represents major concerns of environmental pollution and population health. This review summarizes the most relevant studies, which analyzed chemical contamination (primarily dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) of the air, soil, water, animals, and humans in Campania. In addition, we reviewed information on population health ( i.e ., mortality data, congenital malformations, and cancer incidence). Moving from a detailed mapping of (mostly illegal) waste dumping sites in Campania, we have focused on recent studies which have found: (a) high concentrations of dioxins (≥5.0 pg TEQ/g fat) in milk samples from sheep, cows, and river buffaloes; (b) remarkable contamination of dioxin and PCBs in human milk samples from those living in the Naples and Caserta areas (PCDDs+PCDFs and dioxin-like-PCBs (dl-PCBs) assessed at 16.6 pg TEQ/g of fat; range: 7.5–43 pg/g of fat); (c) potential age-adjusted standardized mortality rates associated with some specific cancer types; (d) a statistically significant association between exposure to illegal toxic waste dumping sites and cancer mortality, even after adjustment by socio-economic factors and other environmental indicators.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfredo Mazza & Prisco Piscitelli & Cosimo Neglia & Giulia Della Rosa & Leopoldo Iannuzzi, 2015. "Illegal Dumping of Toxic Waste and Its Effect on Human Health in Campania, Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:6:p:6818-6831:d:51195
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maria Triassi & Rossella Alfano & Maddalena Illario & Antonio Nardone & Oreste Caporale & Paolo Montuori, 2015. "Environmental Pollution from Illegal Waste Disposal and Health Effects: A Review on the “Triangle of Death”," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Gaetano Rivezzi & Prisco Piscitelli & Giampiero Scortichini & Armando Giovannini & Gianfranco Diletti & Giacomo Migliorati & Roberta Ceci & Giulia Rivezzi & Lorenzo Cirasino & Pietro Carideo & Dennis , 2013. "A General Model of Dioxin Contamination in Breast Milk: Results from a Study on 94 Women from the Caserta and Naples Areas in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, November.
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    2. Elżbieta M. Zębek & Jakub J. Zięty, 2022. "Effect of Landfill Arson to a “Lax” System in a Circular Economy under the Current EU Energy Policy: Perspective Review in Waste Management Law," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-25, November.
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    4. Eda Puntarić & Lato Pezo & Željka Zgorelec & Jerko Gunjača & Dajana Kučić Grgić & Neven Voća, 2022. "Prediction of the Production of Separated Municipal Solid Waste by Artificial Neural Networks in Croatia and the European Union," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-13, August.
    5. Annamaria Colao & Giovanna Muscogiuri & Prisco Piscitelli, 2016. "Environment and Health: Not Only Cancer," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-9, July.

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