IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jftint/v17y2025i8p342-d1713193.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Harmonized Autonomous–Human Vehicles via Simulation for Emissions Reduction in Riyadh City

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Louati

    (Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia)

  • Hassen Louati

    (College of Information Technology, Kingdom University, Riffa 40434, Bahrain)

  • Elham Kariri

    (Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The integration of autonomous vehicles (AVs) into urban transportation systems has significant potential to enhance traffic efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. This study evaluates the impact of different AV penetration scenarios (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%) on traffic performance and carbon emissions along Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Road in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Using microscopic simulation (SUMO) based on real-world datasets, we assess key performance indicators such as travel time, stop frequency, speed, and CO 2 emissions. Results indicate notable improvements with increasing AV deployment, including up to 25.5% reduced travel time and 14.6% lower emissions at 50% AV penetration. Coordinated AV behavior was approximated using adjusted simulation parameters and Python-based APIs, effectively modeling vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications. These findings highlight the benefits of harmonized AV–human vehicle interactions, providing a scalable and data-driven framework applicable to smart urban mobility planning.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Louati & Hassen Louati & Elham Kariri, 2025. "Harmonized Autonomous–Human Vehicles via Simulation for Emissions Reduction in Riyadh City," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:17:y:2025:i:8:p:342-:d:1713193
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/8/342/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/8/342/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shibayama, Takeru & Laa, Barbara, 2024. "Sustainable Mobility Guarantee: Developing the concept from a transport planning perspective," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 287-299.
    2. Ziyu Wang & Jing Ma & Edmund M-K Lai, 2024. "A Survey of Scenario Generation for Automated Vehicle Testing and Validation," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Abedassalam Braidy & Shaligram Pokharel & Tarek Y. ElMekkawy, 2025. "Research Perspectives on Innovation in the Automotive Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-28, March.
    4. Alexander Gegov & Boriana Vatchova & Yordanka Boneva & Alexandar Ichtev, 2025. "Heuristic Fuzzy Approach to Traffic Flow Modelling and Control on Urban Networks," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Marianne Silva & Gabriel Signoretti & Julio Oliveira & Ivanovitch Silva & Daniel G. Costa, 2019. "A Crowdsensing Platform for Monitoring of Vehicular Emissions: A Smart City Perspective," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-20, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mihui Kim & Junhyeok Yun, 2020. "Development of User-Participatory Crowdsensing System for Improved Privacy Preservation," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Isam Mashhour Al Jawarneh & Luca Foschini & Paolo Bellavista, 2023. "Efficient Integration of Heterogeneous Mobility-Pollution Big Data for Joint Analytics at Scale with QoS Guarantees," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-28, August.
    3. Giovanni Pau & Alessandro Severino & Antonino Canale, 2019. "Special Issue “New Perspectives in Intelligent Transportation Systems and Mobile Communications towards a Smart Cities Context”," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-3, October.
    4. Xinyu Hu & Shengjie Sun & Zhi Lv & Jiaqi Liu, 2025. "An Incentive Mechanism Based on Lottery for Data Quality in Mobile Crowdsensing," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-21, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:17:y:2025:i:8:p:342-:d:1713193. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.