IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jforec/v2y2020i4p21-409d421507.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Are Issuer Margins Fairly Stated? Evidence from the Issuer Estimated Value for Retail Structured Products

Author

Listed:
  • Janis Bauer

    (Institute for Finance & Banking, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ludwigstr. 28 RB, 80539 Munich, Germany)

  • Holger Fink

    (Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstr. 64, 80335 Munich, Germany
    Center for Quantitative Risk Analysis, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Akademiestr. 1/I, 80799 Munich, Germany)

  • Eva Stoller

    (Center for Quantitative Risk Analysis, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Akademiestr. 1/I, 80799 Munich, Germany)

Abstract

From 2014 to 2018, issuers of retail structured products in Germany established and calculated the Issuer Estimated Value (IEV), a fair value designed to offer more transparency for retail investors. By reporting the IEV in the product information sheet, banks implicitly make a statement on their expected gross margin and, as one of the first papers, we provide an empirical study of the fairness of these disclosed figures. On a sample of discount and capped bonus certificates, we find that reported issuer margins can be verified using standard option pricing models and we illustrate that hedging costs take on an important role for structured product valuation. Consequently, the answer to the raised question in the title seems to be an (initial) ‘yes’ for our chosen product sample. Even though in 2018 the IEV calculations have been replaced by similar margin and cost statements due to the newly introduced Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products Regulation, this finding might still be a good guide for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Janis Bauer & Holger Fink & Eva Stoller, 2020. "Are Issuer Margins Fairly Stated? Evidence from the Issuer Estimated Value for Retail Structured Products," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 2(4), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jforec:v:2:y:2020:i:4:p:21-409:d:421507
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9394/2/4/21/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9394/2/4/21/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Boyle, Phelim & Broadie, Mark & Glasserman, Paul, 1997. "Monte Carlo methods for security pricing," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 21(8-9), pages 1267-1321, June.
    2. John C. Cox & Jonathan E. Ingersoll Jr. & Stephen A. Ross, 2005. "A Theory Of The Term Structure Of Interest Rates," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Sudipto Bhattacharya & George M Constantinides (ed.), Theory Of Valuation, chapter 5, pages 129-164, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    3. Stoimenov, Pavel A. & Wilkens, Sascha, 2005. "Are structured products 'fairly' priced? An analysis of the German market for equity-linked instruments," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(12), pages 2971-2993, December.
    4. Heston, Steven L, 1993. "A Closed-Form Solution for Options with Stochastic Volatility with Applications to Bond and Currency Options," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 327-343.
    5. Christoffersen, Peter & Jacobs, Kris, 2004. "The importance of the loss function in option valuation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(2), pages 291-318, May.
    6. Kyoung-Kuk Kim & Dong-Young Lim, 2019. "A recursive method for static replication of autocallable structured products," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(4), pages 647-661, April.
    7. Baule, Rainer, 2011. "The order flow of discount certificates and issuer pricing behavior," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 3120-3133, November.
    8. Wilkens, Sascha & Stoimenov, Pavel A., 2007. "The pricing of leverage products: An empirical investigation of the German market for `long' and `short' stock index certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 735-750, March.
    9. Rainer Baule & Philip Blonski, 2015. "The Demand for Warrants and Issuer Pricing Strategies," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(12), pages 1195-1219, December.
    10. Rainer Baule & Oliver Entrop & Marco Wilkens, 2008. "Credit risk and bank margins in structured financial products: Evidence from the German secondary market for discount certificates," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(4), pages 376-397, April.
    11. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    12. repec:bla:jfinan:v:53:y:1998:i:6:p:2059-2106 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Mark Broadie & Paul Glasserman & Steven Kou, 1997. "A Continuity Correction for Discrete Barrier Options," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(4), pages 325-349, October.
    14. Hull, John & White, Alan, 1995. "The impact of default risk on the prices of options and other derivative securities," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 299-322, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alessia Paccagnini, 2021. "Editorial for Special Issue “New Frontiers in Forecasting the Business Cycle and Financial Markets”," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 3(3), pages 1-3, July.
    2. Baule, Rainer & Münchhalfen, Patrick & Shkel, David & Tallau, Christian, 2023. "Fair-washing in the market for structured retail products? Voluntary self-regulation versus government regulation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Schertler, Andrea, 2016. "Pricing effects when competitors arrive: The case of discount certificates in Germany," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 84-99.
    2. Baule, Rainer & Münchhalfen, Patrick & Shkel, David & Tallau, Christian, 2023. "Fair-washing in the market for structured retail products? Voluntary self-regulation versus government regulation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    3. Entrop, Oliver & Fischer, Georg, 2019. "Hedging costs and joint determinants of premiums and spreads in structured financial products," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-34-19, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    4. Oliver Entrop & Georg Fischer, 2020. "Hedging costs and joint determinants of premiums and spreads in structured financial products," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(7), pages 1049-1071, July.
    5. Schertler, Andrea, 2021. "Listing of classical options and the pricing of discount certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    6. Lim, Terence & Lo, Andrew W. & Merton, Robert C. & Scholes, Myron S., 2006. "The Derivatives Sourcebook," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 1(5–6), pages 365-572, April.
    7. Baule, Rainer & Shkel, David, 2021. "Model risk and model choice in the case of barrier options and bonus certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    8. Andrea Schertler & Saskia Stoerch, 2018. "Warrant price responses to credit spread changes: Fact or fiction?," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 206-219, July.
    9. Suresh M. Sundaresan, 2000. "Continuous‐Time Methods in Finance: A Review and an Assessment," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(4), pages 1569-1622, August.
    10. Baller, Stefanie & Entrop, Oliver & Schober, Alexander & Wilkens, Marco, 2017. "What drives performance in the speculative market of short-term exchange-traded retail products?," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-26-17, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    11. Baller, Stefanie & Entrop, Oliver & McKenzie, Michael & Wilkens, Marco, 2016. "Market makers’ optimal price-setting policy for exchange-traded certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 206-226.
    12. Matthias Pelster & Andrea Schertler, 2019. "Pricing and issuance dependencies in structured financial product portfolios," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(3), pages 342-365, March.
    13. Gero Junike & Wim Schoutens & Hauke Stier, 2022. "Performance of advanced stock price models when it becomes exotic: an empirical study," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 109-119, March.
    14. Mark Broadie & Jerome B. Detemple, 2004. "ANNIVERSARY ARTICLE: Option Pricing: Valuation Models and Applications," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(9), pages 1145-1177, September.
    15. Rainer Baule, 2021. "Credit risk in derivative securities: A simplified approach," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(5), pages 641-657, May.
    16. Entrop, Oliver & Fischer, Georg & McKenzie, Michael & Wilkens, Marco & Winkler, Christoph, 2016. "How does pricing affect investors’ product choice? Evidence from the market for discount certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 195-215.
    17. Yanhong Zhong & Guohe Deng, 2019. "Geometric Asian Options Pricing under the Double Heston Stochastic Volatility Model with Stochastic Interest Rate," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2019, pages 1-13, January.
    18. Entrop, Oliver & Scholz, Hendrik & Wilkens, Marco, 2009. "The price-setting behavior of banks: An analysis of open-end leverage certificates on the German market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 874-882, May.
    19. Duffie, Darrell, 2005. "Credit risk modeling with affine processes," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(11), pages 2751-2802, November.
    20. Samuel Chege Maina, 2011. "Credit Risk Modelling in Markovian HJM Term Structure Class of Models with Stochastic Volatility," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 1-2011, January-A.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jforec:v:2:y:2020:i:4:p:21-409:d:421507. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.