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Forces and Moments on Flat Plates of Small Aspect Ratio with Application to PV Wind Loads and Small Wind Turbine Blades

Author

Listed:
  • Xavier Ortiz

    (Department Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada)

  • David Rival

    (Department Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada)

  • David Wood

    (Department Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada)

Abstract

To improve knowledge of the wind loads on photovoltaic structures mounted on flat roofs at the high angles required in high latitudes, and to study starting flow on low aspect ratio wind turbine blades, a series of wind tunnel tests were undertaken. Thin flat plates of aspect ratios between 0.4 and 9.0 were mounted on a sensitive three-component instantaneous force and moment sensor. The Reynolds numbers varied from 6 × 10 4 to 2 × 10 5 . Measurements were made for angles of attack between 0° and 90° both in the free stream and in wall proximity with increased turbulence and mean shear. The ratio of drag to lift closely follows the inverse tangent of the angle of incidence for virtually all measurements. This implies that the forces of interest are due largely to the instantaneous pressure distribution around the plate and are not significantly influenced by shear stresses. The instantaneous forces appear most complex for the smaller aspect ratios but the intensity of the normal force fluctuations is between 10% and 20% in the free-steam but can exceed 30% near the wall. As the wind tunnel floor is approached, the lift and drag reduce with increasing aspect ratio, and there is a reduction in the high frequency components of the forces. It is shown that the centre of pressure is closer to the centre of the plates than the quarter-chord position for nearly all cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Xavier Ortiz & David Rival & David Wood, 2015. "Forces and Moments on Flat Plates of Small Aspect Ratio with Application to PV Wind Loads and Small Wind Turbine Blades," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-16, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:4:p:2438-2453:d:47373
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammad Abdul Baseer & Venkatesan Vinoth Kumar & Ivan Izonin & Ivanna Dronyuk & Athyoor Kannan Velmurugan & Babu Swapna, 2023. "Novel Hybrid Optimization Techniques to Enhance Reliability from Reverse Osmosis Desalination Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Francesco Castellani & Abdelgalil Eltayesh & Francesco Natili & Tommaso Tocci & Matteo Becchetti & Lorenzo Capponi & Davide Astolfi & Gianluca Rossi, 2021. "Wind Flow Characterisation over a PV Module through URANS Simulations and Wind Tunnel Optical Flow Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-21, October.
    3. Mireille B. Tadie Fogaing & Arman Hemmati & Carlos F. Lange & Brian A. Fleck, 2019. "Performance of Turbulence Models in Simulating Wind Loads on Photovoltaics Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-16, August.

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