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Numerical Investigation of Spray Cooling Dynamics: Effects of Ambient Pressure, Weber Number, and Spray Distance on Droplet Heat Transfer Efficiency

Author

Listed:
  • Abbas Golmohammadi

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea)

  • Farshid Darvishi

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea)

  • Eunsoo Choi

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea)

  • Alireza Ostadrahimi

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

This research aims to study the spray flow of a droplet on an aluminum surface. Fluid spraying is a significant topic in various strategic industries worldwide. In this study, the commercial software FLUENT 22.3.0 is used to simulate the spray of a droplet with turbulent flow on a surface. We use Gambit for mesh generation to ensure accurate and efficient discretization of the computational domain. Initially, we validate our finite volume method (FVM) by comparing the simulation results with existing experimental data to ensure accuracy. After verifying the numerical methods and boundary conditions, we extend the analysis to explore new scenarios involving different environmental pressures, nozzle-to-surface distances, and heated surface temperatures. The effects of pressure variation on the efficiency of droplet heat transfer are examined within sub-atmospheric and super-atmospheric pressure ranges at different Weber numbers, all below the critical Weber number of the droplet. Additionally, by modifying the model geometry and boundary conditions, the influence of the spray-to-surface distance was examined. The findings show that both pressure changes and the spacing between the spray origin and the surface have a substantial effect on the droplet’s heat transfer performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Abbas Golmohammadi & Farshid Darvishi & Eunsoo Choi & Alireza Ostadrahimi, 2025. "Numerical Investigation of Spray Cooling Dynamics: Effects of Ambient Pressure, Weber Number, and Spray Distance on Droplet Heat Transfer Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:9:p:2288-:d:1646242
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mengnan Jiang & Yang Wang & Fayu Liu & Hanheng Du & Yuchao Li & Huanhuan Zhang & Suet To & Steven Wang & Chin Pan & Jihong Yu & David Quéré & Zuankai Wang, 2022. "Inhibiting the Leidenfrost effect above 1,000 °C for sustained thermal cooling," Nature, Nature, vol. 601(7894), pages 568-572, January.
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    4. Qing Zhao & Heran Wang & Rufei Liu & Hairong Yuan & Xiujin Li, 2025. "Enhancing Biomethane Yield and Metabolic Pathways in Kitchen Waste Anaerobic Digestion Through Microbial Electrolysis Cell Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-18, March.
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