IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i8p2121-d1638700.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Accuracy Performance of Open-Core Inductive Voltage Transformers at Higher Frequencies

Author

Listed:
  • Josip Ivankić

    (Končar—Instrument Transformers Inc., J. Mokrovića 10, HR-10090 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Igor Žiger

    (Končar—Instrument Transformers Inc., J. Mokrovića 10, HR-10090 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Bruno Jurišić

    (Končar—Electrical Engineering Institute Ltd., Fallerovo Šetalište 22, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Dubravko Franković

    (Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

Abstract

The new revision of the main instrument transformer standard, IEC 61869-1:2023, premiered requirements for the performance of instrument transformers in terms of transfer accuracy at higher frequencies. Five accuracy class extensions were introduced to establish an explicit performance level. Each of the extension levels has a distinct bandwidth and accuracy performance associated with it. While these requirements are mainly aimed at non-conventional instrument transformers, the hypothesis of this paper is that conventional high-voltage instrument transformers can have a performance conformant to the above-mentioned requirements. Specifically, the focus of this paper will be on open-core inductive voltage transformers, which inherently exhibit an improved frequency response in comparison to their conventional closed-core counterparts. The main aim of this paper is to present a relevant transformer model based on a lumped parameter equivalent diagram. This model considers the actual mutual coupling (both capacitive and inductive) of the transformer windings. The model is created in EMTP software, and the output yields a frequency response characteristic of the transformer. The model will be validated with test results obtained through measurements on actual 123 kV, 245 kV, and 420 kV inductive voltage transformers.

Suggested Citation

  • Josip Ivankić & Igor Žiger & Bruno Jurišić & Dubravko Franković, 2025. "Accuracy Performance of Open-Core Inductive Voltage Transformers at Higher Frequencies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:8:p:2121-:d:1638700
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2121/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2121/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michal Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2021. "Why Should We Test the Wideband Transformation Accuracy of Medium Voltage Inductive Voltage Transformers?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Bojan Trkulja & Ana Drandić & Viktor Milardić & Igor Žiger, 2021. "Evaluation of Methodology for Lightning Impulse Voltage Distribution over High-Voltage Windings of Inductive Voltage Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-15, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Teresa Nogueira & José Carvalho & José Magano, 2022. "Eco-Friendly Ester Fluid for Power Transformers versus Mineral Oil: Design Considerations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Michal Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2023. "Review of Measuring Methods, Setups and Conditions for Evaluation of the Inductive Instrument Transformers Accuracy for Transformation of Distorted Waveforms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-17, May.
    3. Ernest Stano & Piotr Kaczmarek & Michal Kaczmarek, 2022. "Why Should We Test the Wideband Transformation Accuracy of Inductive Current Transformers?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-12, August.
    4. Hongyan Nie & Hongxin Wang & Wei Wang & Yuanhang Yao, 2023. "Detection of Interturn Short-Circuit Faults in Dry-Type Voltage Transformers Using the Pulse Voltage Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-15, September.
    5. Michal Kaczmarek, 2022. "Two Channels Opto-Isolation Circuit for Measurements of the Differential Voltage of Voltage Transformers and Dividers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-15, April.
    6. Michal Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2023. "Challenges of Accurate Measurement of Distorted Current and Voltage in the Power Grid by Conventional Instrument Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-17, March.
    7. Michal Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2021. "Application of the Sinusoidal Voltage for Detection of the Resonance in Inductive Voltage Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-16, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:8:p:2121-:d:1638700. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.