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Heat Exchange and Flow Resistance in a Heat Exchanger Based on a Minimal Surface of the Gyroid Type—Results of Experimental Studies

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  • Krzysztof Dutkowski

    (Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland)

  • Marcin Kruzel

    (Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland)

  • Marcin Walczak

    (Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland)

Abstract

The gyroid minimal surface is one type of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS). TPMS is a minimal surface replicated in the three main directions of the Cartesian coordinate system. The minimal surface is a surface stretched between two objects, known as the smallest possible area (e.g., a soap bubble with a saddle shape stretched between two parallel circles). The complicated shape of the TPMS makes its production possible only by additive methods (3D printing). This article presents the results of experimental studies on heat transfer and flow resistance in a heat exchanger made of stainless steel. The heat exchange surface, a TPMS gyroid, separates two working media: hot and cold water. The water flow rate was varied in the range from 8 kg/h to 25 kg/h (Re = 246–1171). The water temperature at the inlet to the exchanger was maintained at a constant level of 8.8 ± 0.3 °C and 49.5 ± 0.5 °C for cold and hot water, respectively. The effect of water flow rate on the change in its temperature, the heat output of the exchanger, the average heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and overall resistance factor was presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Krzysztof Dutkowski & Marcin Kruzel & Marcin Walczak, 2025. "Heat Exchange and Flow Resistance in a Heat Exchanger Based on a Minimal Surface of the Gyroid Type—Results of Experimental Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-11, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:15:p:4134-:d:1717216
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