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Problems in Modeling Three-Phase Three-Wire Circuits in the Case of Non-Sinusoidal Periodic Waveforms and Unbalanced Load

Author

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  • Konrad Zajkowski

    (Department of Energy, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Energy, Koszalin University of Technology, 15-17 Raclawicka St., 75-620 Koszalin, Poland)

  • Stanislaw Duer

    (Department of Energy, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Energy, Koszalin University of Technology, 15-17 Raclawicka St., 75-620 Koszalin, Poland)

Abstract

Asymmetry in the supply voltage in three-phase circuits disrupts the flow of currents. This worsens the efficiency of the distribution system and increases the problems in determining the mathematical model of the energy system. Among many power theories, the most accurate is the Currents’ Physical Components (CPC) power theory, which tries to justify the physical essence of each component. Such knowledge can be used to improve efficiency and reduce transmission losses in the power system. This article discusses the method of mathematical decomposition of current components in the case of a three-wire line connecting an asymmetric power source with linear time-invariant (LTI) loads. Special cases where irregularities appear in the results of calculations according to the CPC theory are discussed. The problem of equivalent conductance in the case of a non-zero value of the constant voltage component is discussed. The method of determining symmetrical components for periodic non-sinusoidal waveforms is also discussed. These considerations are supported by numerical examples.

Suggested Citation

  • Konrad Zajkowski & Stanislaw Duer, 2025. "Problems in Modeling Three-Phase Three-Wire Circuits in the Case of Non-Sinusoidal Periodic Waveforms and Unbalanced Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:12:p:3219-:d:1682835
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Francisco G. Montoya & Raúl Baños & Alfredo Alcayde & Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos & Javier Roldán Pérez, 2021. "Geometric Algebra Framework Applied to Symmetrical Balanced Three-Phase Systems for Sinusoidal and Non-Sinusoidal Voltage Supply," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Stanisław Duer & Marek Woźniak & Jacek Paś & Konrad Zajkowski & Dariusz Bernatowicz & Arkadiusz Ostrowski & Zbigniew Budniak, 2023. "Reliability Testing of Wind Farm Devices Based on the Mean Time between Failures (MTBF)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Jacek Paś & Adam Rosiński & Michał Wiśnios & Marek Stawowy, 2022. "Assessing the Operation System of Fire Alarm Systems for Detection Line and Circuit Devices with Various Damage Intensities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-23, April.
    4. Stanisław Duer & Marek Woźniak & Jacek Paś & Konrad Zajkowski & Arkadiusz Ostrowski & Marek Stawowy & Zbigniew Budniak, 2023. "Reliability Testing of Wind Farm Devices Based on the Mean Time to Failures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-13, March.
    5. Oleg Gubarevych & Stanisław Duer & Inna Melkonova & Marek Woźniak & Jacek Paś & Marek Stawowy & Krzysztof Rokosz & Konrad Zajkowski & Dariusz Bernatowicz, 2023. "Research on and Assessment of the Reliability of Railway Transport Systems with Induction Motors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-21, September.
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