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Development of Electromobility in European Union Countries under COVID-19 Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Tomasz Rokicki

    (Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Piotr Bórawski

    (Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska

    (Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Agata Żak

    (Department of Economics of Agricultural and Horticultural Holdings, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics—National Research Institute, ul. Świętokrzyska 20, 00-002 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Koszela

    (Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

The introduction of electromobility contributes to an increase in energy efficiency and lower air pollution. European countries have not been among the world’s leading countries in this statistic. In addition, there have been different paces in the implementation of electromobility in individual countries. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the directions of change and the degrees of concentration in electromobility in European Union (EU) countries, especially after the economic closure as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific objectives are to indicate the degree of concentration of electromobility in the EU and changes in this area, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic; to determine the dynamics of changes in the number of electric cars in individual EU countries, showing the variability in this aspect, while also taking into account the crisis caused by COVID-19; to establish the association between the number of electric cars and the parameters of the economy. All EU countries were selected for study by the use of the purposeful selection procedure, as of December 31, 2020. The analyzed period covered the years 2011–2020. It was found that in the longer term, the development of electromobility in the EU, measured by the number of electric cars, is closely related to the economic situation in this area. The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the economic situation in all EU countries, but has not slowed down the pace of introducing electromobility, and may have even accelerated it. In all EU countries, in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the dynamics of introducing electric cars into use increased. The growth rate in the entire EU in 2020 was 86%, while in 2019 it was 48%. The reason was a change in social behavior related to mobility under conditions of risk of infection. COVID-19 has become a positive catalyst for change. The prospects for the development of this type of transport are very good because activities related to the development of the electromobility sector perfectly match the needs related to the reduction of pollution to the environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomasz Rokicki & Piotr Bórawski & Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska & Agata Żak & Grzegorz Koszela, 2021. "Development of Electromobility in European Union Countries under COVID-19 Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-24, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2021:i:1:p:9-:d:707827
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tomasz Rokicki & Aleksandra Perkowska, 2021. "Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-19, February.
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    1. Donald Ukpanyang & Julio Terrados-Cepeda, 2022. "Decarbonizing Vehicle Transportation with Hydrogen from Biomass Gasification: An Assessment in the Nigerian Urban Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-23, April.
    2. Tomasz Rokicki & Piotr Borawski & Aneta Beldycka-Borawska & András Szeberenyi & Olena Kulykovets & Agata Zak, 2024. "Changes in the Behavior of Individual Car Users in Poland as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3), pages 27-37.
    3. Tomasz Jałowiec & Dariusz Grala & Piotr Maśloch & Henryk Wojtaszek & Grzegorz Maśloch & Agnieszka Wójcik-Czerniawska, 2022. "Analysis of the Implementation of Functional Hydrogen Assumptions in Poland and Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-25, November.
    4. Monika Ziółko & Monika Hamerska & Maciej Banik & Adrian Machaty, 2025. "Renewable Energy and Electromobility in the EU: Identifying Developmental Synergies Through Cluster Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-16, June.
    5. Rüther, Tom & Plank, Christian & Schamel, Maximilian & Danzer, Michael A., 2023. "Detection of inhomogeneities in serially connected lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    6. Grzegorz Koszalka & Paweł Krzaczek, 2022. "Energy Losses Related to Ring Pack Wear in Gasoline Car Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-16, December.

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