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Design and Prototyping of Efficient LED Counter Beam Light with Free-Formed Surface for Meeting International Tunnel Lighting Standards

Author

Listed:
  • Hsing-Yuan Liao

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan)

  • Sheng-Yen Chen

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan)

  • Hien-Thanh Le

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
    Department of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa 810000, Vietnam)

  • Wei-Lun Gao

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan)

  • Fu-Chun Chang

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan)

  • Chan-Chuan Wen

    (Department of Shipping Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan)

  • Yi-Chin Fang

    (Department of Mechatronics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan)

  • Chao-Hsien Chen

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan)

  • Shun-Hsyung Chang

    (Department of Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan)

  • Hsiao-Yi Lee

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
    Department of Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan)

Abstract

An LED Counter Beam Light (CBL) with a free surface secondary lens is proposed to enhance the safety and efficiency of tunnels. The secondary lens was designed and produced to be mounted on a 50 W white-light LED array to generate the targeted counter beam pattern, in order to meet the standards for enhanced tunnel road lighting of the CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage)—CIE 88:2004—in a trial tunnel lighting scheme. Through the simulation of a road tunnel in Northern Taiwan using the LiteStar four-dimensional software, it was shown that the proposed LED light can serve as a qualifying CBL to generate an average road tunnel surface luminance (L av ) of 182.76 cd/m 2 , which is better than the 138 cd/m 2 that commercial High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) tunnel lights can provide and the 181 cd/m 2 minimum stipulated in the CIE 88:2004 regulations. The results also show that the proposed LED light accomplishes a contrast revealing coefficient q c of 1.03, which is above the minimum regulatory level of 0.6 for a qualified CBL, as well as a luminance uniformity U o of 0.89 (regulatory minimum, 0.4), longitudinal luminance uniformity U L of 0.99 (regulatory minimum, 0.6), and glare factor TI (threshold increment) of 7.24% (regulatory minimum, 15%). In order to test the feasibility of the LED CBL for future commercialization, the proposed LED CBL was prototyped and measured; the results demonstrate that an average road surface luminance (L av ) of 184.5 cd/m 2 , intensity of the luminance uniformity U o of 0.7, intensity of the longitudinal luminance uniformity U L of 0.94, glare factor of 7.04%, and contrast revealing coefficient q c of 1.38 can be achieved, which are all above the levels required by the CIE 88:2004 regulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Hsing-Yuan Liao & Sheng-Yen Chen & Hien-Thanh Le & Wei-Lun Gao & Fu-Chun Chang & Chan-Chuan Wen & Yi-Chin Fang & Chao-Hsien Chen & Shun-Hsyung Chang & Hsiao-Yi Lee, 2021. "Design and Prototyping of Efficient LED Counter Beam Light with Free-Formed Surface for Meeting International Tunnel Lighting Standards," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:2:p:488-:d:482364
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lambros T. Doulos & Ioannis Sioutis & Aris Tsangrassoulis & Laurent Canale & Kostantinos Faidas, 2020. "Revision of Threshold Luminance Levels in Tunnels Aiming to Minimize Energy Consumption at No Cost: Methodology and Case Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-23, April.
    2. Li Qin & Li-Li Dong & Wen-Hai Xu & Li-Dong Zhang & Arturo S. Leon, 2017. "An Intelligent Luminance Control Method for Tunnel Lighting Based on Traffic Volume," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-12, November.
    3. Domenico Campisi & Simone Gitto & Donato Morea, 2017. "Light Emitting Diodes Technology in Public Light System of the Municipality of Rome: An Economic and Financial Analysis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(1), pages 200-208.
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