IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i17p5436-d626960.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Inductive Power Transfer Link at 13.56 MHz for Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers

Author

Listed:
  • Krithikaa Mohanarangam

    (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea)

  • Yellappa Palagani

    (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea)

  • Kunhee Cho

    (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
    School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea)

  • Jun-Rim Choi

    (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
    School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea)

Abstract

Inductive power links are most viable for the long-term powering of cardiac pacemakers. Designing an inductive power link without surpassing the specific absorption rate (SAR) for modern leadless cardiac pacemakers (LCPs) remains a challenging task because of its size and implantation depth. The inductive power link employed in the conventional works is either designed at a high frequency or based on the size, shape, weight, and implantation depth of conventional cardiac pacemakers. Here, a 3-coil inductive power transfer link with a circular transmitter coil and solenoidal receiver coil is designed at 13.56 MHz to provide uninterrupted power to the modern LCPs. Considering the food and drug administration approved term for implant size of modern LCP, the receiver coil is designed with 6 mm diameter and 6.5 mm length. The performance of the link has been verified through simulations and measurements under perfect alignment, lateral and/or angular misalignments, and distance variation between the coils. At a 50 mm horizontal distance between transmitter and receiver coils, the transmission coefficient is −30.9 dB. The maximum simulated average SAR at heterogeneous phantom is 0.30 W/kg, which is lower than the limit set by the Federal Communications Commission for radiation threshold exposure. Experiments conducted on pork’s heart verified the reliability of the simulated results. At a 50 mm distance between the coils, the measured transmission coefficient is −34 dB, and at an input power of 1 W, the power delivered to the load is 0.7 mW.

Suggested Citation

  • Krithikaa Mohanarangam & Yellappa Palagani & Kunhee Cho & Jun-Rim Choi, 2021. "Inductive Power Transfer Link at 13.56 MHz for Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:17:p:5436-:d:626960
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/17/5436/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/17/5436/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anahita Bagheri & Abbas Erfanian & Adib Abrishamifar, 2020. "A Systematic Methodology for Optimal Design of Wireless Power Transfer System Using Genetic Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, January.
    2. Vijith Vijayakumaran Nair & Jun Rim Choi, 2016. "An Efficiency Enhancement Technique for a Wireless Power Transmission System Based on a Multiple Coil Switching Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-15, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Matjaz Rozman & Michael Fernando & Bamidele Adebisi & Khaled M. Rabie & Tim Collins & Rupak Kharel & Augustine Ikpehai, 2017. "A New Technique for Reducing Size of a WPT System Using Two-Loop Strongly-Resonant Inductors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-18, October.
    2. Tommaso Campi & Silvano Cruciani & Mauro Feliziani, 2018. "Wireless Power Transfer Technology Applied to an Autonomous Electric UAV with a Small Secondary Coil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-15, February.
    3. Shaoteng Zhang & Jinbin Zhao & Yuebao Wu & Ling Mao & Jiongyuan Xu & Jiajun Chen, 2020. "Analysis and Implementation of Inverter Wide-Range Soft Switching in WPT System Based on Class E Inverter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-15, October.
    4. Yumeng Lan & Masafumi Miyatake, 2022. "An Attended-Free, All-in-One-Go, Automatic Analysis Assistant Software for E-liked Shape Contactless Inductive Power Transfer Device," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-23, August.
    5. Chaoqiang Jiang & K. T. Chau & Chunhua Liu & Christopher H. T. Lee, 2017. "An Overview of Resonant Circuits for Wireless Power Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-20, June.
    6. Matjaz Rozman & Michael Fernando & Bamidele Adebisi & Khaled M. Rabie & Rupak Kharel & Augustine Ikpehai & Haris Gacanin, 2017. "Combined Conformal Strongly-Coupled Magnetic Resonance for Efficient Wireless Power Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, April.
    7. Ui-Gyu Choi & Jong-Ryul Yang, 2018. "A 120 W Class-E Power Module with an Adaptive Power Combiner for a 6.78 MHz Wireless Power Transfer System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-15, August.
    8. Aqeel Mahmood Jawad & Rosdiadee Nordin & Sadik Kamel Gharghan & Haider Mahmood Jawad & Mahamod Ismail & Mahmood Jawad Abu-AlShaeer, 2018. "Single-Tube and Multi-Turn Coil Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer for Low-Power Home Appliances," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-19, July.
    9. Tommaso Campi & Silvano Cruciani & Francesca Maradei & Mauro Feliziani, 2019. "Innovative Design of Drone Landing Gear Used as a Receiving Coil in Wireless Charging Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-20, September.
    10. Zhihao Zhao & Yue Sun & Aiguo Patrick Hu & Xin Dai & Chunsen Tang, 2016. "Energy Link Optimization in a Wireless Power Transfer Grid under Energy Autonomy Based on the Improved Genetic Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-16, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:17:p:5436-:d:626960. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.