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Innovative Protocols for Blackberry Propagation: In Vitro Cultivation in Temporary Immersion Systems with Ex Vitro Acclimatization

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  • Gamaliel Valdivia-Rojas

    (Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Roque, Carretera Celaya-Juventino Rosas, Km.8, Roque 38110, Guanajuato, Mexico)

  • Cesar Leobardo Aguirre-Mancilla

    (Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Roque, Carretera Celaya-Juventino Rosas, Km.8, Roque 38110, Guanajuato, Mexico)

  • Juan Gabriel Ramírez-Pimentel

    (Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Roque, Carretera Celaya-Juventino Rosas, Km.8, Roque 38110, Guanajuato, Mexico)

  • Ahuitzolt de Jesús Joaquín-Ramos

    (Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Roque, Carretera Celaya-Juventino Rosas, Km.8, Roque 38110, Guanajuato, Mexico)

  • Marcos Edel Martinez-Montero

    (Faculty of Agicultural Sciences, Universidad de Ciego de Ávila Máximo Gómez Báez, Carretera a Morón, Km 9 ½, Ciego de Avila 65200, Cuba)

  • Ariel Villalobos-Olivera

    (Faculty of Agicultural Sciences, Universidad de Ciego de Ávila Máximo Gómez Báez, Carretera a Morón, Km 9 ½, Ciego de Avila 65200, Cuba)

  • Eulogio de La Cruz-Torres

    (Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca-La Marquesa s/n, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de Mexico, Mexico)

Abstract

Optimized in vitro cultivation offers a sustainable solution to enhance blackberry ( Rubus spp.) production while reducing pathogen contamination during propagation. This study developed and validated protocols for in vitro cultivation and ex vitro acclimatization of the Tupy, Brazos, and Kiowa cultivars at the Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Los Reyes, Michoacán. A 20 min treatment with 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) reduced contamination by below 10% and achieved explant survival rates exceeding 95%. Temporary Immersion Systems (TIS) with four to six immersion cycles of 5 min each maximized survival (above 95%) while minimizing necrosis and hyperhydricity and increasing fresh mass. Shoot development was significantly enhanced with 2 mg L −1 6-benzylaminopurine, and 1 mg L −1 indole-3-butyric acid promoted optimal root formation. Acclimatization success rates exceeded 90% in covered trays compared to significant losses in uncovered trays during early stages. These protocols enabled robust plant development and yields exceeding 10 t ha −1 during vegetative and reproductive stages, providing a scalable framework for sustainable blackberry production and broader applications in crop propagation.

Suggested Citation

  • Gamaliel Valdivia-Rojas & Cesar Leobardo Aguirre-Mancilla & Juan Gabriel Ramírez-Pimentel & Ahuitzolt de Jesús Joaquín-Ramos & Marcos Edel Martinez-Montero & Ariel Villalobos-Olivera & Eulogio de La C, 2025. "Innovative Protocols for Blackberry Propagation: In Vitro Cultivation in Temporary Immersion Systems with Ex Vitro Acclimatization," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-26, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:14:p:1505-:d:1700585
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Moller, Amparo del Carmen Meza & Figueroa, María Gabriela Romo & Ochoa, Víctor René Duarte & Aguilar, Ramón Navarro, 2013. "La Zarzamora (Rubus Sp.), Cultivo Alternativo Para El Estado De Sonora," Revista Mexicana de Agronegocios, Sociedad Mexicana de Administracion Agropecuaria, vol. 33(July-Dece), pages 1-8.
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