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Planting Density and Sowing Date Strongly Influence Canopy Characteristics and Seed Yield of Soybean in Southern Xinjiang

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  • Naibo Xu

    (College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
    Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production for Specialty Crops in Arid Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Corps, Alar 843300, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Tingyong Mao

    (College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
    Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production for Specialty Crops in Arid Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Corps, Alar 843300, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Hengbin Zhang

    (Crops Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China)

  • Xingjun Huang

    (College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
    Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production for Specialty Crops in Arid Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Corps, Alar 843300, China)

  • Yong Zhan

    (Crops Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China)

  • Jiahao Liu

    (College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
    Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production for Specialty Crops in Arid Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Corps, Alar 843300, China)

  • Desheng Wang

    (College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
    Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production for Specialty Crops in Arid Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Corps, Alar 843300, China)

  • Yunlong Zhai

    (College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
    Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production for Specialty Crops in Arid Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Corps, Alar 843300, China)

Abstract

Southern Xinjiang is an important soybean production region in China. However, the short growing season and the cultivation of winter crops (such as wheat) in the region limit the expansion of soybean planting areas. An increased planting density can compensate for the loss in yield due to delayed sowing. To identify the quantitative relationship between increased density and delayed days, a two-year field experiment was conducted at the Tarim University Agronomy Experiment Station. Two sowing dates (April 7 (S1) and May 7 (S2)) and three planting densities of 206,800 plants·ha −1 (D1), 308,600 plants·ha −1 (D2), and 510,200 plants·ha −1 (D3) were used to compare various plant growth parameters and canopy characteristics. Late sowing and a high planting density significantly increased the plant height (S2 was 37.3% higher than S1, and D3 was 17.6% and 8.8% higher than D1 and D2), main stem internode, petiole length, and the mean tilt angle of the leaves (S2 was 22.5% higher than S1, and D3 was 11.7% higher than D2) but reduced the stem diameter (D3 was 28.6% and 12.5% lower than D1 and D2), branch number (S2 was 26.7% lower than S1, and D2 was 75% lower than D1), canopy light transmittance (S2 was 49.2% lower than S1, and D3 was 36.7% and 20.8% lower than D1 and D2), photosynthetic rate, and dry matter. The highest yield was achieved at S1D1, but the lowest yield was found for S2D1. Overall, the results suggest that earlier sowing and a lower planting density contribute to achieving an optimum canopy structure and higher yield. Our conclusions provide a reference for soybean production in southern Xinjiang.

Suggested Citation

  • Naibo Xu & Tingyong Mao & Hengbin Zhang & Xingjun Huang & Yong Zhan & Jiahao Liu & Desheng Wang & Yunlong Zhai, 2024. "Planting Density and Sowing Date Strongly Influence Canopy Characteristics and Seed Yield of Soybean in Southern Xinjiang," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:11:p:1892-:d:1506624
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aliche, Ernest B. & Oortwijn, Marian & Theeuwen, Tom P.J.M. & Bachem, Christian W.B. & Visser, Richard G.F. & van der Linden, C. Gerard, 2018. "Drought response in field grown potatoes and the interactions between canopy growth and yield," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 20-30.
    2. Olena Sobko & Jens Hartung & Sabine Zikeli & Wilhelm Claupein & Sabine Gruber, 2019. "Effect of sowing density on grain yield, protein and oil content and plant morphology of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 65(12), pages 594-601.
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