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Evolución de la competitividad de las entidades federativas mexicanas en el siglo XXI. ¿Quién gana o pierde?

Author

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  • Unger, Kurt

    (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE))

Abstract

Background: This exercise has estimated economic competitiveness for the 32 federal states of Mexico for 2013. The exercise was made in previous article with 2003 and 2008 data. Method: We take 81 activities that represent more than 96% of total GNP in 2013 and we calculated competitiveness based on two dimensions: labor productivity and wages. With a cluster analysis it is possible to group two types of Mexican states: the competitive states and non competitive states. Results: There are two types of Mexican states. The 13 competitive states are more diversified and show higher levels of both productivity and wages. They are also better integrated to the international economy, and comprise mostly industrial mature states such as Nuevo León, Central Mexico (Ciudad de México, Querétaro, Estado de México), Jalisco and other Border states. More recently also Guanajuato and San Luis Potosí in central Mexico. For the other 19 states, the lack of productivity is compensated through lower salaries. These include Southern and Southeastern states, and most in the lower Pacific coast. Conclusions: These conditions have remained the same over the recent years. In short, we can not expect convergence merely by the effect of time, in despite that two states of the Bajio region reached now the competitive group. // Antecedentes: En este artículo retomo el análisis de la competitividad económica de las 32 entidades del país para el 2013, mismo que antes se había hecho con los Censos Económicos 2003 y 2008. Método: Tomamos las 81 actividades que representan poco más de 96% de la actividad del país en 2013 y se calcula la competitividad con base en dos dimensiones: la productividad laboral y los salarios. Mediante la técnica de análisis de cluster dicotómico se hace la distinción entre estados competitivos y no competitivos. Resultados: El principal resultado es que se conservan los dos tipos de entidades antes vistas en el 2008 en cuanto a condiciones de competitividad, pero integrando dos nuevas entidades. Ahora las 13 entidades más competitivas cuentan con una economía más productiva, más diversificada y con mayores niveles de productividad y salarios. Se trata de entidades económicamente más maduras como Nuevo León, la Ciudad de México, Querétaro, el Estado de México, Jalisco, Guanajuato y San Luis Potosí, y los estados de la frontera norte. Los otros 19 estados con atraso relativo intentan compensar la falta de productividad con el castigo a los salarios. La condición más crítica se observa en estados del sur-sureste y otros de la costa Pacífico. Conclusiones: La conclusión principal es que, a pesar del alcance al grupo competitivo por estados del Bajío como Guanajuato y San Luis Potosí, la convergencia entre entidades no se dará por mero tránsito del tiempo. Key words: especialización, concentración, productividad, competitividad, estados

Suggested Citation

  • Unger, Kurt, 2017. "Evolución de la competitividad de las entidades federativas mexicanas en el siglo XXI. ¿Quién gana o pierde?," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(335), pages .645-679, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:84:y:2017:i:335:p:645-679
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v84i335.510
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    especialización; concentración; productividad; competitividad; estados;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • D24 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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