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¿Dónde quedó el trabajo? Una propuesta para medir la participación del ingreso laboral en México

Author

Listed:
  • Ayala, Edgardo Arturo.

    (Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey.)

  • Chapa, Cecilia.

    (Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León.)

Abstract

The labor income share in the value added reported by the Mexico’s National Account System are extraordinarily small —between 0.25 and 0.3— compared with international standards. In this study we argue that there is a severe under-registration problem in the estimation of labor incomes, because of self-employment and the omitted labor income from employers and individuals that work but receive no wages. We propose three criteria to correct the labor share, the methods estimate a shadow wage for individuals, in some variants it is done using some strong assumptions, in others it is imputed by using Mincerian wage equations corrected by self-selection bias. It is found that once the adjustments are made the income labor share increases to the range of 42 to 47% of total value added, the corrections are particularly high in agriculture, construction, commerce and restaurants and services, sectors with a high incidence of informality.// Las participaciones del ingreso laboral en México que se estiman a partir del Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales son excepcionalmente reducidas —entre 0.25 y 0.33— comparadas con la evidencia internacional. En el presente artículo argumentamos que existe un severo problema de subregistro de los ingresos laborales debido al autoempleo y al nulo registro de ingresos laborales de los empleadores y los no remunerados. Proponemos tres criterios para corregir las participaciones, que van desde asignar el salario promedio de los remunerados hasta hacer estimaciones de ecuaciones mincerianas para predecir el costo de oportunidad de los individuos de acuerdo con sus atributos. Encontramos que, una vez hechos los ajustes, el peso de los ingresos laborales se encuentra entre 42 y 47% del valor agregado, y que las correcciones son especialmente grandes en la agricultura, construcción, comercio, restaurantes y servicios, sectores con alta incidencia de informalidad y de empresas pequeñas y micro.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayala, Edgardo Arturo. & Chapa, Cecilia., 2014. "¿Dónde quedó el trabajo? Una propuesta para medir la participación del ingreso laboral en México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(324), pages .989-1015, octubre-d.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:81:y:2014:i:324:p:989-1015
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v81i324.136
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    participación de los ingresos laborales; autoempleo; ecuaciones de Mincer.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E25 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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