IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/elt/journl/v71y2004i282p251-351.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Globalización, crecimiento y crisis financieras. Lecciones de México y del mundo en desarrollo

Author

Listed:
  • Martínez, Lorenza

    (Banco de México)

  • Tornell, Aarón

    (UCLA y NBER)

  • Westermann, Frank

    (CES ifo (Universidad de Munich e ifo))

Abstract

Is liberalization in developing countries good for growth even if it leads to crises? The answer is a clear yes. But then, how can we explain the less-than-stellar growth performance of Mexico, a prominent liberalizer and member of NAFTA? In this paper we address these questions by analyzing the empirical link among liberalization, crises and growth. We find that trade liberalization has typically been followed by financial liberalization, which has led to a greater incidence of boom-bust cycles. However, both trade and financial liberalization also have led to higher GDP growth. To substance our interpretation of the data we present a model that shows why in countries with severe credit market imperfections, the forces spawn by liberalization lead to higher growth and, as a by-product, to financial fragility. By comparing Mexico to this international norm, we argue that liberalization and NAFTA have indeed induced higher growth and investment. However, they have not been enough: A lack of structural reform and a protracted credit crunch have generated bottlenecks that have blocked further growth development in the US economy cannot be invoked to fully account for the evolution of the Mexican economy.// ¿Es la liberación benéfica para el crecimiento aunque conduzca a crisis? La respuesta es un contundente sí. Pero entonces, ¿cómo podemos explicar el mediocre desempeño del crecimiento económico en México, un prominente liberador y miembro del TLCAN? En este documento resolvemos estas preguntas basados en el análisis del vínculo entre globalización, crisis y crecimiento. Encontramos que la liberación comercial ha sido seguida en general por la liberación financiera que, a su vez, ha conducido a una mayor incidencia de ciclos auge-crisis. A pesar de esto, tanto la liberación comercial como la financiera han conducido a un mayor crecimiento del PIB. Para sustentar nuestra interpretación de los datos, presentamos un modelo que muestra el porqué en países con severas imperfecciones en el mercado de crédito las fuerzas generadas por la liberación llevan a un mayor crecimiento e indirectamente a la fragilidad financiera. Mediante la comparación de México con esta norma internacional, argumentamos que la liberación y el TLCAN han generado mayor crecimiento e inversión. Sin embargo, éstos no han sido suficientes: la falta de reformas estructurales y la prolongada escasez de crédito han creado cuellos de botella que han bloqueado el mayor crecimiento y llevado a la reciente disminución del crecimiento de las exportaciones. Finalmente, mostramos que el desarrollo de la economía de los Estados Unidos no puede ser considerado como una explicación total del desarrollo de la economía mexicana.

Suggested Citation

  • Martínez, Lorenza & Tornell, Aarón & Westermann, Frank, 2004. "Globalización, crecimiento y crisis financieras. Lecciones de México y del mundo en desarrollo," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(282), pages 251-351, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:71:y:2004:i:282:p:251-351
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    To our knowledge, this item is not available for download. To find whether it is available, there are three options:
    1. Check below whether another version of this item is available online.
    2. Check on the provider's web page whether it is in fact available.
    3. Perform a search for a similarly titled item that would be available.

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Isaac, Sánchez Juárez, 2011. "Una interpretación sobre el bajo crecimiento económico en México [One interpretation of the low economic growth in Mexico]," MPRA Paper 38101, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    liberación; apertura; crisis; México ; tipo de cambio; ciclos; inversión extranjera; corrientes de capital;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F32 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:71:y:2004:i:282:p:251-351. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Nuria Pliego Vinageras (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.fondodeculturaeconomica.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.