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Activos y recursos de la población pobre en Colombia

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  • Leibovich, José
  • Núñez, Jairo

Abstract

Despite of the reduction in the incidence of poverty in Colombia during the last decades, it is still problem of significant importance and its fast diminution deserves to be an aim of the State policies. In fact, using the definition of Poverty Line of US$2 per capita on 1985, poverty in Colombia by 1992 was of 20.4% in the cities and of 60.4% in the rural sector, which is equivalent to 5.2 mill people in the cities and 7.1 mill in the countryside. Descomposition exercises (Datt-Ravallion, 1992) show that during the last decade, the sling improvement in poverty at the urban sector was explained mostly because of growth which neutralized the regressive redistribution, while in the rural sector it was the progressive redistribution that helped to a slight reduction of poverty. It was proved that an important link exists between the ownership of certain assets and the access to resources by the individuals, and their poverty situation. Between them, the most outstanding one was the human capital, measured by the years of education. The credit access for productive activities constitutes an important resource to diminish poverty. The social security coverage is another resource to which poor people have had little access. The access to land by the farmers in the rural sector, is a way by which the rural poverty could be reduced. However, it can turn out to be costly, and it would also require to be accompanied by other resources such as technical assistance and credit for it to be effective.// Pese a que en los decenios recientes ha disminuido la incidencia de la pobreza en Colombia, éste aún es un problema de magnitud importante que amerita ser objeto de políticas estatales que ayudan a su rápida reducción. En efecto, utilizando la definición de líneas de pobreza de 2 dólares per capita de 1985 para 1993, la pobreza urbana en Colombia era de 20.4% en las ciudades y de 60.4% en el sector rural, lo que equivale a 5.2 millones de personas en las ciudades y 7.1 en el campo. Ejercicios de descomposición (Datt-Ravallion, 1992) muestran que en el pasado decenio la escasa mejoría de la pobreza en el sector urbano se explica más por el crecimiento que ha neutralizado la redistribución regresiva, mientras que en el sector rural ha sido la redistribución progresiva la que ha ayudado a la poca disminución de la pobreza. Se comprobó que existe un vínculo importante entre la posesión de algunos activos y el acceso a recursos por parte de los individuos y su situación de pobreza. Entre ellos, el más importante que se encontró es el capital humano, medido por el número de años de escolaridad. Se observó que el acceso al crédito para actividades productivas constituye un recurso importante para reducir la pobreza. La cobertura de la seguridad social es otro de lo recursos al cual los pobres han tenido poco acceso. El acceso a la tierra para los campesinos en el sector rural es una vía por la cual se podría reducir en algunos puntos porcentuales la pobreza rural. Sin embargo, esta vía puede resultar un poco costosa y además tiene que estar acompañada de otros recursos como son la ayuda técnica y el crédito para que sea efectiva. Journal: El Trimestre Económico

Suggested Citation

  • Leibovich, José & Núñez, Jairo, 1999. "Activos y recursos de la población pobre en Colombia," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 66(263), pages 501-551, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:66:y:1999:i:263:p:501-551
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    Cited by:

    1. Deininger, Klaus & Olinto, Pedro, 2001. "Rural Nonfarm Employment and Income Diversification in Colombia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 455-465, March.
    2. infocede, 2000. "Geography and economic development: a municipal approach for Colombia," Documentos CEDE 20090, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    3. Jairo Núñez & Fabio Sánchez Torres, 2000. "Geography and Economic Development in Colombia: A Municipal Approach," Research Department Publications 3107, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.

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