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Pilot investigation of the social group with low mobility and doubly disadvantageous co-exposure to green space and outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN)

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  • Liu, Yang
  • Kwan, Mei-Po
  • Liu, Zhihang

Abstract

Urban residents’ disadvantaged mobility may be associated with disadvantageous environmental exposure, which needs policy attention to improve environmental justice. In this study, we investigated the social groups with low mobility and disadvantageous exposures to green space and/or outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN), i.e., the low-mobility disadvantageous exposure (LMDE) groups. This is the first study that examines how disadvantaged mobility is associated with multiple environmental impact factors in mutually exclusive temporal contexts. It used survey data and 7-day GPS trajectories from 940 participants in Hong Kong. The green space and nightscape of Hong Kong were derived from remote sensing data with high spatial resolutions. The mobility-oriented exposure measures were derived using a spatiotemporal weighted approach. Finally, an extensible probability-driven analytical framework was developed to evaluate the association between two independent mobility-exposure associations. Our results revealed the disparities in daytime or nighttime mobility between different social groups. We observed independent mobility-exposure associations in different temporal contexts. More importantly, we confirmed the doubly LMDE group in the co-exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN. We also found that those with low education, being married, or with a low income may have a higher risk of being within the (doubly) LMDE groups. Our study not only presents a new perspective for the discussion of environmental justice but also provides an effective approach to confirm the doubly disadvantageous exposures associated with low mobility. It provides essential insights into a range of studies in health geography, epidemiology, transportation planning, and policy-making.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Yang & Kwan, Mei-Po & Liu, Zhihang, 2025. "Pilot investigation of the social group with low mobility and doubly disadvantageous co-exposure to green space and outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN)," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 387(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:387:y:2025:i:c:s0277953625010354
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118704
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Yang & Kwan, Mei-Po & Wong, Man Sing & Yu, Changda, 2023. "Current methods for evaluating people's exposure to green space: A scoping review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 338(C).
    2. Rozynek, Caroline & Schwerdtfeger, Stefanie & Lanzendorf, Martin, 2022. "The influence of limited financial resources on daily travel practices. A case study of low-income households with children in the Hanover Region (Germany)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    3. Yang Liu & Mei-Po Kwan & Changda Yu, 2024. "How Mobility and Temporal Contexts May Affect Environmental Exposure Measurements: Using Outdoor Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) and Urban Green Space as Examples," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 114(5), pages 1098-1117, May.
    4. Jiayu Wu & Qingsong He & Yunwen Chen & Jian Lin & Shantong Wang, 2020. "Dismantling the fence for social justice? Evidence based on the inequity of urban green space accessibility in the central urban area of Beijing," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 47(4), pages 626-644, May.
    5. Rui Zhu & Yang Song & Galen Newman, 2025. "Exploring the relationship between daytime and nighttime mobility and park visitation: A case study of Austin, TX," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 52(9), pages 2084-2098, November.
    6. Wang, Jianying & Liu, Yang & Kwan, Mei-Po, 2025. "Cross-validation between GPS-derived trajectories and activity-travel diaries for transport geography studies," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    7. Liu, Yang & Kwan, Mei-Po & Song, Liuyi & Yu, Changda & Cui, Yuhan, 2025. "How mobility-based exposure measures may mitigate the underestimation of the association between green space exposures and health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 379(C).
    8. Yang Liu & Mei-Po Kwan & Zihan Kan, 2023. "Inconsistent Association between Perceived Air Quality and Self-Reported Respiratory Symptoms: A Pilot Study and Implications for Environmental Health Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-17, January.
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