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Male and female morbidity in general practice: The nature of sex differences

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  • van Wijk, Cecile M.T.Gijsbers
  • Kolk, Annemarie M.
  • van Den Bosch, Wil J.H.M.
  • Van Den Hoogen, Henk J.M.

Abstract

Outcomes from large scale health surveys suggest women's morbidity and medical care utilization to be higher than men's. Survey findings have often been questioned on methodological grounds, a main criticism being the subjective nature of the data on which the alleged sex differences are based. Moreover, health differences vary with the type of illness (behavior) that is assessed. Instead of asking subjects about their illness experiences, we performed analyses on data derived from a continuous registration of morbidity as presented in four general practices in the Netherlands. Information was obtained on physician diagnoses of 4723 male and 4963 female patients of all ages enlisted in the four practices from 1984 to 1988. To gain insight in the nature of sex differences, four diagnostic categories were distinguished (sex specific conditions, trauma, symptoms without disease, and prevention and diagnostic). Data on mean number of diagnoses, sex ratio's and proportions of overall morbidity are presented for separate age-groups. In addition, the contribution of each diagnostic category to overall female excess morbidity was computed, for age-groups. Results show that over 40% of the significantly higher overall female morbidity is accounted for by gynaecological and obstetrical diagnoses, and more than a quarter could be explained by prevention and diagnostics. In contrast with the often alleged female excess of 'vague' or psychosomatic symptoms, these accounted for less than 20% of the overall sex difference.

Suggested Citation

  • van Wijk, Cecile M.T.Gijsbers & Kolk, Annemarie M. & van Den Bosch, Wil J.H.M. & Van Den Hoogen, Henk J.M., 1992. "Male and female morbidity in general practice: The nature of sex differences," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 665-678, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:35:y:1992:i:5:p:665-678
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    Cited by:

    1. Shervin Assari & Cheryl Wisseh & Mohsen Bazargan, 2019. "Obesity and Polypharmacy among African American Older Adults: Gender as the Moderator and Multimorbidity as the Mediator," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Mohsen Bazargan & James Smith & Mohammed Saqib & Hamid Helmi & Shervin Assari, 2019. "Associations between Polypharmacy, Self-Rated Health, and Depression in African American Older Adults; Mediators and Moderators," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Chang Hoon You & Young Dae Kwon & Sungwook Kang, 2019. "Sex Differences in Factors Affecting Hospital Outpatient Department Visits: Korea Health Panel Survey Data from 2009 to 2016," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Buor, Daniel, 2004. "Gender and the utilisation of health services in the Ashanti Region, Ghana," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(3), pages 375-388, September.
    5. Jana Votapkova & Pavlina Zilova, 2016. "The abolition of user charges and the demand for ambulatory visits: evidence from the Czech Republic," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Evelyn Forget & Raisa Deber & Leslie Roos & Randy Walld, 2005. "Canadian Health Reform: A Gender Analysis," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 123-141.
    7. Kristensen, Troels & Rose Olsen, Kim & Sortsø, Camilla & Ejersted, Charlotte & Thomsen, Janus Laust & Halling, Anders, 2013. "Resources allocation and health care needs in diabetes care in Danish GP clinics," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(1), pages 206-215.
    8. Sigrid Piening & Ingrid D. C. van Balkom & Anne Fleur Stapert & Daria Henning & Kirstin Greaves-Lord & Lineke R. C. D. Davids & Stynke Castelein & Yvonne Groen, 2023. "Perspectives on Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis, Symptoms, Treatment and Gender Roles: A Qualitative Study of Similarities and Differences between Sexes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(24), pages 1-16, December.

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