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‘Not at the diagnosis point’: Dealing with contradiction in autism assessment teams

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  • Hayes, Jennie
  • McCabe, Rose
  • Ford, Tamsin
  • Parker, Daisy
  • Russell, Ginny

Abstract

Social science literature has documented how the concept of diagnosis can be seen as an interactive process, imbued with uncertainty and contradiction, which undermines a straightforward notion of diagnosis as a way to identify underlying biological problems that cause disease. We contribute to this body of work by examining the process of resolving contradiction in autism diagnosis for adults and adolescents. Autism is a useful case study as diagnosis can be a complex and protracted process due to the heterogeneity of symptoms and the necessity to interpret behaviours that may be ambiguous. We audio-recorded and transcribed 18 specialist clinical assessment meetings in four teams in England, covering 88 cases in two adult, one child and one adolescent (14+) setting. We undertook a qualitative analysis of discursive processes and narrative case-building structure utilised by clinicians to counteract contradiction.We identified a three-part interactional pattern which allows clinicians to forward evidence for and against a diagnosis, facilitates their collaborative decision-making process and enables them to build a plausible narrative which accounts for the diagnostic decision. Pragmatism was found to operate as a strategy to help assign diagnosis within a condition which, diagnostically, is permeated by uncertainty and contradiction. Resolution of contradiction from different aspects of the assessment serves to create a narratively-coherent, intelligible clinical entity that is autism.

Suggested Citation

  • Hayes, Jennie & McCabe, Rose & Ford, Tamsin & Parker, Daisy & Russell, Ginny, 2021. "‘Not at the diagnosis point’: Dealing with contradiction in autism assessment teams," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:268:y:2021:i:c:s027795362030681x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113462
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dumit, Joseph, 2006. "Illnesses you have to fight to get: Facts as forces in uncertain, emergent illnesses," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(3), pages 577-590, February.
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    3. Turowetz, Jason, 2015. "Citing conduct, individualizing symptoms: Accomplishing autism diagnosis in clinical case conferences," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 214-222.
    4. Gardner, John & Dew, Kevin & Stubbe, Maria & Dowell, Tony & Macdonald, Lindsay, 2011. "Patchwork diagnoses: The production of coherence, uncertainty, and manageable bodies," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(6), pages 843-850, September.
    5. Jutel, Annemarie & Nettleton, Sarah, 2011. "Towards a sociology of diagnosis: Reflections and opportunities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(6), pages 793-800, September.
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