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Opinion Piece: How to pre-register experimental studies that involve machine learning for text data analysis

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  • Bruttel, Lisa
  • Nithammer, Juri

Abstract

This paper discusses the challenges researchers face when pre-registering experimental studies that incorporate machine learning methods for data analysis, in particular text mining. Compared to standard behavioral data, text data (e.g., free-form chat content) is less predictable in form and meaning, and it is often unclear which representation techniques will yield the most meaningful results. Drawing on experience from multiple experimental studies, we propose best practices and offer guidelines to assist researchers working in this growing area.

Suggested Citation

  • Bruttel, Lisa & Nithammer, Juri, 2025. "Opinion Piece: How to pre-register experimental studies that involve machine learning for text data analysis," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:soceco:v:118:y:2025:i:c:s2214804325000783
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102414
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    JEL classification:

    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • C81 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness

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