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Engineering Ru-based nanomaterials for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction: A review

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  • Gao, Xiaolin

Abstract

To realize the sustainable and clean hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting, it is critical to develop cost effective, efficient, and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Ru-based nanocatalysts possess excellent activity, low cost, and robust long-term durability, hence holding great promises as alternative for the expensive Pt/C benchmark catalyst. In this review, the fundamental mechanism of HER and the unique advantages of using Ru-based nanocatalysts are first explained. Then, the recent advances regarding using Ru-based nanocatalysts including (supported) Ru nanostructures, Ru-based bimetallic alloys, Ru-based heterostructure, and Ru single atom catalysts (SACs) for HER are summarized. More importantly, some carefully chosen examples are provided to analyze the structure-performance relationship in this section. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives to design and fabricate efficient Ru-based nanocatalysts for HER toward practical application are shared with a brief conclusion in the end.

Suggested Citation

  • Gao, Xiaolin, 2026. "Engineering Ru-based nanomaterials for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:229:y:2026:i:c:s1364032125012997
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116626
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