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An analysis of the technical exigencies and CE marking relative to low voltage (less than 5Â kW) photovoltaic inverters marketed in Spain

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  • Salas, V.
  • Olías, E.

Abstract

The objective of this article is to analyse the standards relative to technical exigencies and CE marking that correspond to photovoltaic inverters of low voltage (less than 5Â kW) as marketed in Spain. For this study, around 400 different models of inverters from the European market were compiled. Twelve of them, 50Â Hz single phase, were chosen, made up of different brands and options of transformer below 5Â kW. For these inverters, regulations for each model were examined according to their data sheet specifications, manual and EC Declarations of Conformity. Heterogeneity in compliance to the standards was found. In addition, in view of results obtained it is possible to conclude that it would be wise to establish a common set of standards for every country in the world (or at least a common European normalization) according to PV grid inverters. It would enable all grid inverters to be commercialised in compliance with the same standards everywhere.

Suggested Citation

  • Salas, V. & Olías, E., 2009. "An analysis of the technical exigencies and CE marking relative to low voltage (less than 5Â kW) photovoltaic inverters marketed in Spain," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1635-1640, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:13:y:2009:i:6-7:p:1635-1640
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Faraji, Faramarz & Mousavi G., S.M. & Hajirayat, Aliasghar & Birjandi, Ali Akbar Moti & Al-Haddad, Kamal, 2017. "Single-stage single-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped transformerless grid-connected photovoltaic inverters: Topology review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 197-214.
    2. Memon, Mudasir Ahmed & Mekhilef, Saad & Mubin, Marizan & Aamir, Muhammad, 2018. "Selective harmonic elimination in inverters using bio-inspired intelligent algorithms for renewable energy conversion applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2235-2253.
    3. Islam, Monirul & Mekhilef, Saad & Hasan, Mahamudul, 2015. "Single phase transformerless inverter topologies for grid-tied photovoltaic system: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 69-86.
    4. Fernández-González, Raquel & Puime-Guillén, Félix & Panait, Mirela, 2022. "Multilevel governance, PV solar energy, and entrepreneurship: the generation of green hydrogen as a fuel of renewable origin," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    5. Mustafa F. Mohammed & Mohammed A. Qasim, 2022. "Single Phase T-Type Multilevel Inverters for Renewable Energy Systems, Topology, Modulation, and Control Techniques: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-24, November.

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