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Powering towards cleaner urban Energy: Integrating PV, reversible fuel cells, and batteries

Author

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  • Urs, Rahul Rajeevkumar
  • Chadly, Assia
  • Mussawar, Osama
  • Wei, Max
  • Mayyas, Ahmad

Abstract

Designing an efficient renewable energy system is critical for achieving cost-effective energy solutions and minimizing excess generation. This study analyzes the optimization of renewable energy systems with two storage configurations: PV solar with Li-ion Batteries (PV-LIB) and PV solar with a reversible fuel cell (PV-RFC). The system maximizes renewable energy integration by optimizing component sizes to meet the buildings load demand. Results indicate that the PV-LIB system requires a smaller PV array than the PV-RFC system due to the higher roundtrip efficiency of Li-ion batteries. The PV-RFC system achieved a renewable fraction of 95.43 %, while the PV-LIB system reached 95.73 %, with 0.068 % excess energy in the PV-RFC system and none in the PV-LIB system. Monthly energy supply distribution analysis highlights the variability of PV generation and the consistent contribution of storage systems. Cost analysis reveals a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of $5.17/kg and a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.166/kWh for the PV-RFC system, compared to an LCOE of $0.071/kWh for the PV-LIB system. The PV-LIB system is more economically viable due to lower capital costs and higher efficiency. Both systems demonstrated lower LCOE compared to local grid electricity tariffs, emphasizing their economic advantage.

Suggested Citation

  • Urs, Rahul Rajeevkumar & Chadly, Assia & Mussawar, Osama & Wei, Max & Mayyas, Ahmad, 2025. "Powering towards cleaner urban Energy: Integrating PV, reversible fuel cells, and batteries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:254:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125013242
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123662
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    Cited by:

    1. Hassan, Muhammed A. & Araji, Mohamad T., 2025. "Building geometry-aware lifecycle optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems with solid gravity storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 402(PA).

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