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Organic-inorganic bi-functionalized hybrid KIT-5: A toolbox for catalytic dehydration of xylose to n-hexyl levulinate

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  • Dookheh, Maryam
  • Najafi Chermahini, Alireza
  • Saraji, Mohammad

Abstract

Levulinate esters are bio-based molecules with wide industrial applications as solvents, flavorings, fragrances, diesel blend components, and plasticizers. The current study deals with the synthesis and characterization of a series of acidic mesoporous alumino-silicates (KIT-5, Al-KIT-5x (X = 20,10,5), and a hybrid organic-inorganic Al-KIT-5(20)-Pr-SO3H) and their application in the preparation of n-hexyl levulinate from xylose. The prepared catalysts were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, ICP, and SEM. The best catalytic performance was achieved in the presence of Al-KIT-5(20)-Pr-SO3H, which is found to be a bi-functionalized Lewis/Bronsted acid catalyst. The yield of n-hexyl levulinate reached a maximum of 52% at 170 °C in only 7 h. Al-KIT-5(20)-Pr-SO3H represents not only excellent reusability over four successive runs but also shows simple separation from the reaction mixture.

Suggested Citation

  • Dookheh, Maryam & Najafi Chermahini, Alireza & Saraji, Mohammad, 2022. "Organic-inorganic bi-functionalized hybrid KIT-5: A toolbox for catalytic dehydration of xylose to n-hexyl levulinate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 527-536.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:200:y:2022:i:c:p:527-536
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.10.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammadbagheri, Zahra & Najafi Chermahini, Alireza, 2020. "Direct production of hexyl levulinate as a potential fuel additive from glucose catalyzed by modified dendritic fibrous nanosilica," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2229-2237.
    2. He, Jian & Li, Hu & Xu, Yufei & Yang, Song, 2020. "Dual acidic mesoporous KIT silicates enable one-pot production of γ-valerolactone from biomass derivatives via cascade reactions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 359-370.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dookheh, Maryam & Najafi Chermahini, Alireza, 2023. "Surface modified mesoporous KIT-5: A catalytic approach to obtain butyl levulinate from starch," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 227-235.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    n-Hexyl levulinate; Mesoporous aluminum silicate; Biomass conversion; C5 carbohydrate (xylose); Catalytic dehydration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C5 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling

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