IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/reensy/v210y2021ics0951832021000247.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Evaluating the safety integrity of safety systems for all values of the demand rate

Author

Listed:
  • Eisinger, S.
  • Oliveira, L.F.

Abstract

The knowledge about the possible influence of demands on the reliability of safety systems comes from a long way back in time. In IEC 61508 this has been taken care of by indicating two different ways to evaluate the safety integrity of SIS: low demand and high demand mode. The main focus of this paper lies in the intermediate and high demand modes. We investigate the effect of the demand on the system hazard rate when the failed states of individual components are detected during a demand. Component failures can then be repaired before the occurrence of the failure of the safety system. The results of this paper show that the system hazard rate exhibits an unexpected behaviour in the intermediate to high demand region. It is also shown that depending on the SIS repair scheme, the use of Probability Failure per Hour (PFH) based on the equations for a continuous demand as proposed in IEC 61508 leads to very conservative results in the high and continuous demand regions. New asymptotic equations are proposed to evaluate the PFH of kooN systems for all values of the demand rate, together with new associated rules for discrimination of the demand regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Eisinger, S. & Oliveira, L.F., 2021. "Evaluating the safety integrity of safety systems for all values of the demand rate," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:210:y:2021:i:c:s0951832021000247
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2021.107457
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832021000247
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107457?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Innal, Fares & Dutuit, Yves & Chebila, Mourad, 2015. "Safety and operational integrity evaluation and design optimization of safety instrumented systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 32-50.
    2. Oliveira, Luiz Fernando & Abramovitch, Rafael Nelson, 2010. "Extension of ISA TR84.00.02 PFD equations to KooN architectures," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 95(7), pages 707-715.
    3. Hokstad, Per, 2014. "Demand rate and risk reduction for safety instrumented systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 12-20.
    4. Jin, Hui & Lundteigen, Mary Ann & Rausand, Marvin, 2011. "Reliability performance of safety instrumented systems: A common approach for both low- and high-demand mode of operation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 96(3), pages 365-373.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alizadeh, Siamak & Sriramula, Srinivas, 2018. "Impact of common cause failure on reliability performance of redundant safety related systems subject to process demand," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 129-150.
    2. Gabriel, Angelito & Ozansoy, Cagil & Shi, Juan, 2018. "Developments in SIL determination and calculation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 148-161.
    3. Innal, Fares & Lundteigen, Mary Ann & Liu, Yiliu & Barros, Anne, 2016. "PFDavg generalized formulas for SIS subject to partial and full periodic tests based on multi-phase Markov models," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 160-170.
    4. Azizpour, Hooshyar & Lundteigen, Mary Ann, 2019. "Analysis of simplification in Markov-based models for performance assessment of Safety Instrumented System," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 252-260.
    5. Ding, Long & Wang, Hong & Kang, Kai & Wang, Kai, 2014. "A novel method for SIL verification based on system degradation using reliability block diagram," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 36-45.
    6. Li, Shunxi & Su, Bowen & St-Pierre, David L. & Sui, Pang-Chieh & Zhang, Guofang & Xiao, Jinsheng, 2017. "Decision-making of compressed natural gas station siting for public transportation: Integration of multi-objective optimization, fuzzy evaluating, and radar charting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 11-17.
    7. Lijie, Chen & Tao, Tang & Xianqiong, Zhao & Schnieder, Eckehard, 2012. "Verification of the safety communication protocol in train control system using colored Petri net," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 8-18.
    8. Liu, Yiliu & Rausand, Marvin, 2016. "Proof-testing strategies induced by dangerous detected failures of safety-instrumented systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 366-372.
    9. Hokstad, Per, 2014. "Demand rate and risk reduction for safety instrumented systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 12-20.
    10. Qi, Meng & Kan, Yufeng & Li, Xun & Wang, Xiaoying & Zhao, Dongfeng & Moon, Il, 2020. "Spurious activation and operational integrity evaluation of redundant safety instrumented systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    11. Ding, Long & Wang, Hong & Jiang, Jin & Xu, Aidong, 2017. "SIL verification for SRS with diverse redundancy based on system degradation using reliability block diagram," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 170-187.
    12. Tang, Zhang-Chun & Zuo, Ming J. & Xiao, Ningcong, 2016. "An efficient method for evaluating the effect of input parameters on the integrity of safety systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 111-123.
    13. Meng, Huixing & Kloul, Leïla & Rauzy, Antoine, 2018. "Modeling patterns for reliability assessment of safety instrumented systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 111-123.
    14. Jon T Selvik & Eirik B Abrahamsen, 2017. "On the meaning of accuracy and precision in a risk analysis context," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 231(2), pages 91-100, April.
    15. Vaurio, Jussi K., 2011. "Unavailability equations for k-out-of-n systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 350-352.
    16. Redutskiy Yury & Balycheva Marina & Dybdahl Hendrik, 2022. "Employee scheduling and maintenance planning for safety systems at the remotely located oil and gas industrial facilities," Engineering Management in Production and Services, Sciendo, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, December.
    17. Longhi, Antonio Eduardo Bier & Pessoa, Artur Alves & Garcia, Pauli Adriano de Almada, 2015. "Multiobjective optimization of strategies for operation and testing of low-demand safety instrumented systems using a genetic algorithm and fault trees," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 525-538.
    18. Cui, Lin & Shu, Yidan & Wang, Zhaohui & Zhao, Jinsong & Qiu, Tong & Sun, Wenyong & Wei, Zhenqiang, 2012. "HASILT: An intelligent software platform for HAZOP, LOPA, SRS and SIL verification," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 56-64.
    19. Cai, Baoping & Li, Wenchao & Liu, Yiliu & Shao, Xiaoyan & Zhang, Yanping & Zhao, Yi & Liu, Zengkai & Ji, Renjie & Liu, Yonghong, 2021. "Modeling for evaluation of safety instrumented systems with heterogeneous components," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    20. Torres-Echeverría, A.C. & Martorell, S. & Thompson, H.A., 2011. "Modeling safety instrumented systems with MooN voting architectures addressing system reconfiguration for testing," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 96(5), pages 545-563.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:210:y:2021:i:c:s0951832021000247. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/reliability-engineering-and-system-safety .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.