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Fundamental diagram and stability analysis of mixed traffic flow considering platoon intensity and multiclass time delay

Author

Listed:
  • Du, Wenju
  • Huang, Zhekai
  • Li, Shukai
  • Zhang, Jiangang

Abstract

This paper constructs a stability analysis model of mixed traffic flow considering platoon intensity and multiclass time delay, and studies the fundamental diagram and stability of mixed traffic flow composed of human-driven vehicle (HDV), autonomous vehicle (AV), connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) and connected human-driven vehicle (CHV). Firstly, the car-following modes and delay in mixed traffic flow under the influence of vehicle platoon intensity are analyzed, and a Markov chain model is constructed to determine the proportion of different following modes. Secondly, the fundamental diagram models of homogeneous and mixed traffic flow considering platoon intensity and multiclass time delay are derived and analyzed. In addition, the stability conditions of mixed traffic flow considering platoon intensity and multiclass time delay are derived. Finally, the numerical simulation experiments are designed to analyze the effects of platoon intensity, platoon size and delay on the traffic capacity and stability of mixed traffic flow. The results show that (1) the increase in penetration rate of CAV and AV can effectively improve the capacity and stability of mixed traffic flow. (2) When the proportion of CHV in non-CAV penetration rate is greater than 0.5 or the penetration rate of CAV is higher than 0.95, the mixed traffic flow remains stable. (3) Traffic capacity of mixed traffic flow increases with increased platoon intensity and size, representing an increase of approximately 6 % when the platoon intensity was elevated from −0.9–0.9, and representing an increase of approximately 4 % when the platoon size was elevated from 1 to 9. (4) Platoon intensity has a positive effect on the stability of mixed traffic flow, but the platoon size has a negative impact on the stability of mixed traffic flow. (5) All types of time delays have a negative impact on the capacity and stability for mixed traffic flow.

Suggested Citation

  • Du, Wenju & Huang, Zhekai & Li, Shukai & Zhang, Jiangang, 2025. "Fundamental diagram and stability analysis of mixed traffic flow considering platoon intensity and multiclass time delay," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 675(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:675:y:2025:i:c:s0378437125004996
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2025.130847
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yao, Zhihong & Xu, Taorang & Jiang, Yangsheng & Hu, Rong, 2021. "Linear stability analysis of heterogeneous traffic flow considering degradations of connected automated vehicles and reaction time," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 561(C).
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    3. Luo, Ruifa & Gu, Qiufan & Xu, Taorang & Hao, Huijun & Yao, Zhihong, 2022. "Analysis of linear internal stability for mixed traffic flow of connected and automated vehicles considering multiple influencing factors," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 597(C).
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