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Overlooking the coast: Limited local planning for coastal area management along Michigan’s Great Lakes

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  • Norton, Richard K.
  • David, Nina P.
  • Buckman, Stephen
  • Koman, Patricia D.

Abstract

This paper presents an evaluation of local efforts to manage Great Lakes coastal shorelands through master plans, focusing on Michigan localities. We framed the analysis around the concepts of capacity, knowledge, and commitment. We conducted plan content evaluations, structured surveys of local officials, and multiple unstructured interviews of local officials and citizens through a participatory action research (PAR) program. We analyzed those data, along with census data, using descriptive statistics, correlations, regression analyses, and triangulation of observations. We found that Michigan’s coastal localities are largely failing to consider their coastal areas in their planning, or to adopt meaningful plan policies to manage them, for at least four reasons: damaging erosion and storm events have been relatively infrequent; localities rely on the state to address coastal issues; insurance programs effectively indemnify them when a storm does happen; and—to some extent—shoreland owners push back against proactive local management. To the extent localities are planning, higher overall plan quality is associated with having in-house planning staff (a measure of both capacity and knowledge) and development pressure (knowledge and commitment). To the extent plans address their coastal areas specifically, the adoption of plan policies advancing coastal area management is associated directly with having higher median house values (capacity), in-house planning staff (capacity and knowledge), and development pressure (knowledge and commitment). Focus on coastal management is inversely associated, however, with the use of planning consultants. Higher plan quality is correlated significantly with the adoption of more robust plan policies overall. In sum, having knowledge about coastal dynamics appears important in explaining local planning efforts, but having the capacity to act on that knowledge and the commitment to do so are equally or more important.

Suggested Citation

  • Norton, Richard K. & David, Nina P. & Buckman, Stephen & Koman, Patricia D., 2018. "Overlooking the coast: Limited local planning for coastal area management along Michigan’s Great Lakes," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 183-203.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:71:y:2018:i:c:p:183-203
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.11.049
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Richard Norton, 2005. "Striking the Balance Between Environment and Economy in Coastal North Carolina," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(2), pages 177-207.
    2. Lindsey Ward Lyles & Philip Berke & Gavin Smith, 2014. "Do planners matter? Examining factors driving incorporation of land use approaches into hazard mitigation plans," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(5), pages 792-811, May.
    3. Samuel Brody & Jung Kang & Sarah Bernhardt, 2010. "Identifying factors influencing flood mitigation at the local level in Texas and Florida: the role of organizational capacity," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 52(1), pages 167-184, January.
    4. Andrew Gronewold & Vincent Fortin & Brent Lofgren & Anne Clites & Craig Stow & Frank Quinn, 2013. "Coasts, water levels, and climate change: A Great Lakes perspective," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 120(4), pages 697-711, October.
    5. Carolyn G. Loh & Richard K. Norton, 2013. "Planning Consultants and Local Planning," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 79(2), pages 138-147, April.
    6. Gene Bunnell & Edward Jepson, 2011. "The Effect of Mandated Planning on Plan Quality," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 77(4), pages 338-353.
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    Cited by:

    1. Julie M. Carter & Patricia D. Koman & Lorraine Cameron & Aaron Ferguson & Patrick Jacuzzo & Jason Duvall, 2021. "Assessing perceptions and priorities for health impacts of climate change within local Michigan health departments," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 11(4), pages 595-609, December.
    2. Mitincu, Cristina-Gabriela & Ioja, Ioan-Cristian & Hossu, Constantina-Alina & Artmann, Martina & Nita, Andreea & Nita, Mihai-Razvan, 2021. "Licensing sustainability related aspects in Strategic Environmental Assessment. Evidence from Romania’s urban areas," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).

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