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Procedural justice during police-citizen encounters: The effects of process-based policing on citizen compliance and demeanor

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  • Dai, Mengyan
  • Frank, James
  • Sun, Ivan

Abstract

Purpose Theories of procedural justice have facilitated the development of a process-based approach to policing which emphasizes the fairness of the manner in which the police exercise their discretion. The study examines whether procedurally fair behavior by the police affects two types of citizen behavior during encounters: citizen disrespect toward the police and citizen noncompliance with police requests.Methods This study uses data from systematic social observations of police-citizen encounters to examine procedural justice factors on citizen behavior. Because of the reciprocal nature of police-citizen interactions, an instrumental variable is used in the statistical analysis to help address the causal relationship between police force and citizen disrespect.Results The statistical analyses find limited support for procedural justice factors. Two types of procedurally fair behavior by the police, police demeanor and their consideration of citizen voice, are significant in reducing citizen disrespect and noncompliance, respectively.Conclusion Procedural justice factors have limited and inconsistent impacts on the two types of citizen behavior, and future research should address the limitations of this study and evaluate process-based policing with more data from social observations of police-citizen encounters.

Suggested Citation

  • Dai, Mengyan & Frank, James & Sun, Ivan, 2011. "Procedural justice during police-citizen encounters: The effects of process-based policing on citizen compliance and demeanor," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 159-168, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jcjust:v:39:y::i:2:p:159-168
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaochen Hu & Xudong Zhang & Nicholas Lovrich, 2021. "Public perceptions of police behavior during traffic stops: logistic regression and machine learning approaches compared," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 4(1), pages 355-380, May.
    2. Augustyn, Megan Bears & Ray, James V., 2016. "Psychopathy and perceptions of procedural justice," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 170-183.
    3. Gau, Jacinta M., 2011. "The Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Procedural Justice and Police Legitimacy: An Empirical Test of Core Theoretical Propositions," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 489-498.
    4. Toby Miles-Johnson & Suzanna Fay & Susann Wiedlitzka, 2021. "Policing Minority Communities: How Perception of Engagement and Level of “Awareness” Influence Officer Attitudes toward Practice," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-23, February.

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