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A dual-stage thermal runaway early warning strategy for lithium-ion batteries based on multi-domain acoustic signal fusion

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  • Liu, Hankun
  • Wang, Yue
  • Wang, Teng
  • Gong, Yichang
  • Shang, Yunlong

Abstract

Effective thermal runaway prediction is essential for the safe use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the early stages of thermal runaway are so covert that it is difficult for classical warning methods to provide timely warnings based on characteristics like temperature and current. To address this issue, a dual-stage thermal runaway early warning strategy for LIBs based on multi-domain acoustic signal fusion is proposed. Firstly, sound signals during the battery thermal runaway experiment are collected. In the first stage, outliers are detected using isolated forests, followed by time-frequency multi-domain analysis. The results are then processed with an Entropy-Pruned and Cluster-Optimized KNN Classification (EPCOKC) to provide the second-level warning. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed early warning method is effective, general and robust, with 98.08 % accuracy of the recognition system. This sound-based early warning method issues alerts on average at 9352s, much earlier than the temperature and pressure-based warning methods.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Hankun & Wang, Yue & Wang, Teng & Gong, Yichang & Shang, Yunlong, 2025. "A dual-stage thermal runaway early warning strategy for lithium-ion batteries based on multi-domain acoustic signal fusion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:322:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225013908
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135748
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Da Li & Zhaosheng Zhang & Peng Liu & Zhenpo Wang, 2019. "DBSCAN-Based Thermal Runaway Diagnosis of Battery Systems for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Veeresh Ramnarine & Vidyadhar Peesapati & Siniša Djurović, 2023. "Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors for Condition Monitoring of High-Voltage Assets: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-26, September.
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