Coal damage and energy characteristics during shallow mining to deep mining

In the process of mining from shallow mining to deep mining, there are certain differences in the damage characteristics and energy characteristics of the coal body. Therefore, this article employed the Rock 600-50 equipment to better explore the damage and energy characteristics of coal under different initial pre-stress states. The results demonstrated that the cracking stress, damage stress, and peak stress of raw coal could maintain a linear trend with the increase in confining pressure. The elastic modulus of coal increased with the increase in burial depth. Also, the damage factor of coal first decreased with the increase in axial strain, and then this remained stable in the elastic stage. After entering the plastic stage, the damage factor commenced to slowly increase. However, this factor rapidly increased after the peak. Finally, according to the energy transformation characteristics of the deep coal body, the technical route for the prevention and control of dynamic disasters such as rock bursts was proposed from the perspective of energy, from the four aspects of management mechanism, function, object, and means. This study can provide some reference for the prevention and control of impact ground pressure in deep mines.