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Exploring the links between energy poverty and international migration: Evidence from developing countries

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  • Bangake, Chrysost
  • Avom, Désiré
  • Pondie, Thierry Messie

Abstract

The determinants of international migration are well developed in the literature. But we know very little about the effects of energy poverty (EP) on it. This article aims to fill this gap. Starting with a sample of 102 developing countries observed over the period 2000 to 2022, we specify a model estimated by the econometric methods of Driscoll, Lewbel, Kinky Least Square and S-GMM. Our results show that energy poverty, captured by access to electricity (Elec) and clean fuels (Clean), has a positive and significant effect on migration flows. Our results remain robust to various tests and suggest public policies aimed at promoting renewable and decentralized energy infrastructures.

Suggested Citation

  • Bangake, Chrysost & Avom, Désiré & Pondie, Thierry Messie, 2025. "Exploring the links between energy poverty and international migration: Evidence from developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:206:y:2025:i:c:s0301421525002514
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114744
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    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

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