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The impact of geopolitical risks on renewable energy demand in OECD countries

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Listed:
  • Zhao, Zuoxiang
  • Gozgor, Giray
  • Lau, Marco Chi Keung
  • Mahalik, Mantu Kumar
  • Patel, Gupteswar
  • Khalfaoui, Rabeh

Abstract

This paper examines the effects of geopolitical risks on renewable energy demand in 20 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries from 1970 to 2019. The renewable energy demand function includes carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic globalisation, natural resources rents, and per capita income as control variables. It is found that geopolitical risks reduce the demand for renewable energy and threaten climate change mitigation policies. Degrading the environment in terms of rising CO2 emissions is detrimental to the renewable energy demand. Natural resource rents also decrease renewable energy consumption. However, higher per capita income and economic globalisation significantly increase renewable energy consumption. These findings bear crucial policy implications for the Russia-Ukraine War era, suggesting that geopolitical risks discourage renewable energy demand. Therefore, policymakers in the OECD countries should focus on geopolitical harmony among economic agents, groups, and regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhao, Zuoxiang & Gozgor, Giray & Lau, Marco Chi Keung & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Patel, Gupteswar & Khalfaoui, Rabeh, 2023. "The impact of geopolitical risks on renewable energy demand in OECD countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:122:y:2023:i:c:s0140988323001986
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106700
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    Cited by:

    1. Pan, Lijun & Wang, Yangjie & Sun, Xiaofei & Sadiq, Muhammad & Dagestani, Abd Alwahed, 2023. "Natural resources: A determining factor of geopolitical risk in Russia? Revisiting conflict-based perspective," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    2. Galina Chebotareva & Inna Čábelková & Wadim Strielkowski & Luboš Smutka & Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska & Stanislaw Bielski, 2023. "The Role of State in Managing the Wind Energy Projects: Risk Assessment and Justification of the Economic Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-26, June.
    3. Pal, Shreya & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Zhao, Qiuyun & Liu, Fan & Soliman, Alaa M., 2024. "Boosting productive capacity in OECD countries: Unveiling the roles of geopolitical risk and globalization," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    4. Trivedi, Jatin & Chakraborty, Dipanwita & Nobanee, Haitham, 2023. "Modelling the growth dynamics of sustainable renewable energy – Flourishing green financing," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    5. Song, Yuegang & Wang, Ziqi & Song, Changqing & Wang, Jianhua & Liu, Rong, 2024. "Impact of artificial intelligence on renewable energy supply chain vulnerability: Evidence from 61 countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    6. Satar Bakhsh & Md Shabbir Alam & Wei Zhang, 2024. "Green finance and Sustainable Development Goals: is there a role for geopolitical uncertainty?," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 1-30, August.
    7. Ren, Xiaohang & Yang, Wanping & Jin, Yi, 2024. "Geopolitical risk and renewable energy consumption: Evidence from a spatial convergence perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    8. Qiang Wang & Yuanfan Li & Rongrong Li, 2024. "Rethinking the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis across 214 countries: the impacts of 12 economic, institutional, technological, resource, and social factors," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, December.
    9. Wang Jie & Rabnawaz Khan, 2024. "Breaking the CO 2 Gridlock: Can Renewables Lead the Way for the OECD?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-29, September.
    10. Lester C. Hunt & Paraskevas Kipouros & Zafeirios Lamprakis, 2024. "The Drivers of Renewable Energy: A Global Empirical Analysis of Developed and Developing Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-19, June.
    11. Shinwari, Riazullah & Wang, Yangjie & Gozgor, Giray & Mousavi, Mahdi, 2024. "Does FDI affect energy consumption in the belt and road initiative economies? The role of green technologies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    12. Muğaloğlu, Erhan & Kuşkaya, Sevda & Aldieri, Luigi & Alnour, Mohammed & Hoque, Mohammad Enamul & Magazzino, Cosimo & Bilgili, Faik, 2023. "Dynamic regime differences in the market behavior of primary natural resources in response to geopolitical risk and economic policy uncertainty," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(PB).
    13. Wang, Lu & Ruan, Hang & Lai, Xiaodong & Li, Dongxin, 2024. "Economic extremes steering renewable energy trajectories: A time-frequency dissection of global shocks," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    14. Liang, Chao & Wang, Lu & Duong, Duy, 2024. "More attention and better volatility forecast accuracy: How does war attention affect stock volatility predictability?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 1-19.
    15. Saadaoui, Haifa & Omri, Emna & Chtourou, Nouri, 2024. "The transition to renewable energies in Tunisia: The asymmetric impacts of technological innovation, government stability, and democracy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    16. Ben Cheikh, Nidhaleddine & Ben Zaied, Younes, 2024. "Does geopolitical uncertainty matter for the diffusion of clean energy?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    17. Hille, Erik, 2023. "Europe's energy crisis: Are geopolitical risks in source countries of fossil fuels accelerating the transition to renewable energy?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
    18. Liu, Fangying & Su, Chi Wei & Qin, Meng & Lobonţ, Oana-Ramona, 2023. "Winner or loser? The bidirectional impact between geopolitical risk and energy transition from the renewable energy perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    19. Chen, Limei & Gozgor, Giray & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Pal, Shreya & Rather, Kashif Nesar, 2023. "How does geopolitical risk affect CO2 emissions? The role of natural resource rents," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(PB).
    20. Islam, Md. Monirul & Sohag, Kazi & Berezin, Andrey & Sergi, Bruno S., 2024. "Factor proportions model for Russian mineral supply-driven global energy transition: Does externality matter?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Renewable energy demand; Climate change economics; Geopolitical risks; Natural resources rents; OECD member countries;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q21 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • F51 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • F53 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations

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