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Effectiveness of the integration of education, care and medicine (IECM) program on knowledge of parenting strategies for parents of infants and toddlers

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  • Liu, Ting
  • Xie, Li Ang
  • Yang, Chang Jiang
  • Ding, Nan
  • Zuo, Zhi Hong

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Integration of Education, Care and Medicine (IECM), an intervention program designed for parents of children aged from birth to three years old. A total of 218 Chinese parents participated, comprising both an intervention group (n = 102) and a control group (n = 116). The measure used was the Knowledge of Parenting Strategies for Infants and Toddlers (KPS-IT) scale to assess parenting knowledge across six domains of young child development. The results demonstrate that the IECM had positive effects on parenting knowledge, with domain-specific variations in improvement magnitude: The motor development domain exhibited the most pronounced gains, followed by the disease prevention domain, while the social-emotional development domain showed the least improvement. Additionally, parental education and child’s age were found to have a significant impact on the intervention outcome. The findings reveal that the IECM program provides particularly significant benefit for parents of children aged 0–1 years old and those with lower levels of educational attainment.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Ting & Xie, Li Ang & Yang, Chang Jiang & Ding, Nan & Zuo, Zhi Hong, 2026. "Effectiveness of the integration of education, care and medicine (IECM) program on knowledge of parenting strategies for parents of infants and toddlers," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:181:y:2026:i:c:s0190740925006255
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108742
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tina L. Rochelle & H. T. Cheng, 2016. "Parenting Practices and Child Behaviour Problems in Hong Kong: Knowledge of Effective Parenting Strategies, Parenting Stress, and Child-Rearing Ideologies," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 9(1), pages 155-171, March.
    2. Hilado, Aimee & Chiatovich, Tara & Leow, Christine & Yang, Yinmei, 2025. "The Baby TALK home visiting model and refugee families: A randomized controlled trial," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    3. Xia, Xiaoying, 2024. "Parental involvement and Chinese children’s cognitive and social-emotional school readiness: Differential effects across family socioeconomic status," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    4. Hughes-Belding, Kere & Peterson, Carla & Jeon, Hyun-Joo & Huber, Luke & Conteh, Hawa & Plagge, Anne, 2022. "Relations among home visit quality, parent-child interactions, and children’s outcomes," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
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