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Model-based classification via mixtures of multivariate t-distributions

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  • Andrews, Jeffrey L.
  • McNicholas, Paul D.
  • Subedi, Sanjeena

Abstract

A novel model-based classification technique is introduced based on mixtures of multivariate t-distributions. A family of four mixture models is defined by constraining, or not, the covariance matrices and the degrees of freedom to be equal across mixture components. Parameters for each of the resulting four models are estimated using a multicycle expectation-conditional maximization algorithm, where convergence is determined using a criterion based on the Aitken acceleration. A straightforward, but very effective, technique for the initialization of the unknown component memberships is introduced and compared with a popular, more sophisticated, initialization procedure. This novel four-member family is applied to real and simulated data, where it gives good classification performance, even when compared with more established techniques.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrews, Jeffrey L. & McNicholas, Paul D. & Subedi, Sanjeena, 2011. "Model-based classification via mixtures of multivariate t-distributions," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 55(1), pages 520-529, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:csdana:v:55:y:2011:i:1:p:520-529
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Wan-Lun & Lin, Tsung-I, 2016. "Maximum likelihood inference for the multivariate t mixture model," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 54-64.
    2. Sanjeena Subedi & Antonio Punzo & Salvatore Ingrassia & Paul McNicholas, 2013. "Clustering and classification via cluster-weighted factor analyzers," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 7(1), pages 5-40, March.
    3. Murray, Paula M. & Browne, Ryan P. & McNicholas, Paul D., 2017. "A mixture of SDB skew-t factor analyzers," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 3(C), pages 160-168.
    4. Irene Vrbik & Paul McNicholas, 2015. "Fractionally-Supervised Classification," Journal of Classification, Springer;The Classification Society, vol. 32(3), pages 359-381, October.
    5. Adrian O’Hagan & Arthur White, 2019. "Improved model-based clustering performance using Bayesian initialization averaging," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 34(1), pages 201-231, March.
    6. Paul D. McNicholas, 2016. "Model-Based Clustering," Journal of Classification, Springer;The Classification Society, vol. 33(3), pages 331-373, October.
    7. Angelo Mazza & Antonio Punzo, 2020. "Mixtures of multivariate contaminated normal regression models," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 787-822, April.
    8. Paul McNicholas & Ryan Browne & Paula Murray, 2013. "Discussion of ‘Model-based clustering and classification with non-normal mixture distributions’ by Lee and McLachlan," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 22(4), pages 467-472, November.
    9. Luis Angel García-Escudero & Alfonso Gordaliza & Francesca Greselin & Salvatore Ingrassia & Agustín Mayo-Iscar, 2018. "Eigenvalues and constraints in mixture modeling: geometric and computational issues," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 12(2), pages 203-233, June.
    10. Ingrassia, Salvatore & Minotti, Simona C. & Punzo, Antonio, 2014. "Model-based clustering via linear cluster-weighted models," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 159-182.
    11. Lin, Tsung-I & McNicholas, Paul D. & Ho, Hsiu J., 2014. "Capturing patterns via parsimonious t mixture models," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 80-87.
    12. Utkarsh J. Dang & Antonio Punzo & Paul D. McNicholas & Salvatore Ingrassia & Ryan P. Browne, 2017. "Multivariate Response and Parsimony for Gaussian Cluster-Weighted Models," Journal of Classification, Springer;The Classification Society, vol. 34(1), pages 4-34, April.
    13. O’Hagan, Adrian & Murphy, Thomas Brendan & Gormley, Isobel Claire, 2012. "Computational aspects of fitting mixture models via the expectation–maximization algorithm," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 56(12), pages 3843-3864.
    14. Melnykov, Volodymyr & Melnykov, Igor, 2012. "Initializing the EM algorithm in Gaussian mixture models with an unknown number of components," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 56(6), pages 1381-1395.
    15. Morris, Katherine & McNicholas, Paul D., 2016. "Clustering, classification, discriminant analysis, and dimension reduction via generalized hyperbolic mixtures," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 133-150.
    16. Cristina Anton & Iain Smith, 2024. "Model-based clustering of functional data via mixtures of t distributions," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 18(3), pages 563-595, September.
    17. Yuhong Wei & Paul McNicholas, 2015. "Mixture model averaging for clustering," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 9(2), pages 197-217, June.
    18. Katherine Morris & Paul McNicholas & Luca Scrucca, 2013. "Dimension reduction for model-based clustering via mixtures of multivariate $$t$$ t -distributions," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 7(3), pages 321-338, September.
    19. Sanjeena Subedi & Paul McNicholas, 2014. "Variational Bayes approximations for clustering via mixtures of normal inverse Gaussian distributions," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 8(2), pages 167-193, June.
    20. O’Hagan, Adrian & Murphy, Thomas Brendan & Gormley, Isobel Claire & McNicholas, Paul D. & Karlis, Dimitris, 2016. "Clustering with the multivariate normal inverse Gaussian distribution," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 18-30.
    21. Vrbik, Irene & McNicholas, Paul D., 2014. "Parsimonious skew mixture models for model-based clustering and classification," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 196-210.

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