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Vortex gap solitons in dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates with cubic–quintic nonlinearity and parity-time-symmetric optical lattice

Author

Listed:
  • Fan, Zhuo
  • Wang, Linjia
  • Wu, Tong
  • Wu, Di
  • Hu, Xia
  • Peng, Wei
  • Xu, Siliu

Abstract

In this study, we explore two-dimensional (2D) vortex solitons (VSs) in dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates with cubic–quintic nonlinearity and a parity-time (PT)-symmetric optical lattice. Using numerical methods, we obtain gap soliton solutions and evaluate their topological and dynamical stability. Two types of VSs, ring-shaped and multicore solitons, are discovered with topological charges ranging from m=1 to 3. The behavior and stability of VSs are influenced by key parameters, such as the quintic nonlinearity coefficient, dipole–dipole interaction coefficient, and the imaginary/real parts of the PT-symmetric potential. In particular, the PT-symmetric potential affects the asymmetric distribution of ring-shaped VSs and the topological intensity distribution of multicore VSs. The stability of VSs is evaluated via temporal evolution. These results improve our understanding of soliton dynamics in non-Hermitian systems and offer insights for topological photonic applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Fan, Zhuo & Wang, Linjia & Wu, Tong & Wu, Di & Hu, Xia & Peng, Wei & Xu, Siliu, 2025. "Vortex gap solitons in dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates with cubic–quintic nonlinearity and parity-time-symmetric optical lattice," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 201(P3).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:201:y:2025:i:p3:s0960077925012925
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.117279
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chen, Shunfang & Wang, Linjia & Fan, Zhuo & Peng, Wei & Wu, Di & Zhao, Yuan & Xu, Siliu, 2025. "Vortex light bullets in rotating Quasi-Phase-Matched photonic crystals with quadratic and cubic nonlinearity," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    2. Zeng, Liangwei & Belić, Milivoj R. & Mihalache, Dumitru & Zhu, Xing, 2024. "Elliptical and rectangular solitons in media with competing cubic–quintic nonlinearities," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    3. Matthias Schmitt & Matthias Wenzel & Fabian Böttcher & Igor Ferrier-Barbut & Tilman Pfau, 2016. "Self-bound droplets of a dilute magnetic quantum liquid," Nature, Nature, vol. 539(7628), pages 259-262, November.
    4. Wu, Di & Li, Junhao & Gao, Xi & Shi, Yi & Zhao, Yuan & Dong, Liangwei & Malomed, Boris A. & Zhu, Ni & Xu, Siliu, 2025. "Multicore vortex solitons in cubic–quintic nonlinear media with a Bessel lattice potential," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
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