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Evaluation of SWAT simulated soil moisture at catchment scale by field measurements and Landsat derived indices

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  • Uniyal, Bhumika
  • Dietrich, Jörg
  • Vasilakos, Christos
  • Tzoraki, Ourania

Abstract

The quantification of soil moisture under different soils and crops at regional scale is a challenging task. Hence, such studies are limited by the availability of ground based measurements. The current study evaluates the spatial and temporal patterns of daily soil moisture simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the upper 30cm of the soil profile with indirect soil moisture estimates from Landsat for 2016. The Thermal Vegetation Difference Index (TVDI), was calculated based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the brightness temperature (BT) using Landsat images, from which regression models were trained by using field measurements from Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) to calculate soil moisture. Two agricultural catchments namely, Gerdau and Wipperau in Germany were satisfactorily calibrated using SWAT for daily streamflow (1975–2000) with NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe-Efficiency) >0.55 and PBIAS (Percent bias) <5.5%. The parameter uncertainty assessment during the irrigation season (Mar–Sept, 2016) for soil moisture revealed that the uncertainty band is narrow (p-factor=0.57–0.83; r-factor=0.52−1.3). Spatial and temporal patterns of soil moisture from Landsat and SWAT were evaluated by using boxplots and absolute soil moisture difference maps. Results revealed that the overall spatial and temporal patterns of boxplots matched better for the dry period (correlation, r≥0.90) compared to the wet period (r≥0.57). The mean absolute difference between soil moisture from Landsat and SWAT ranged between 0.9–10% for most soils. In addition to it, the soil map was refined to match soil moisture patterns shown in Landsat images for one sandy soil, which further improved the mean absolute difference (1.06–6%). The current study provides an approach to use remotely sensed soil moisture for verifying hydrological modeling results and for optimizing the parameterization of soils, which may bridge the gap between global, regional and field studies in agricultural water management.

Suggested Citation

  • Uniyal, Bhumika & Dietrich, Jörg & Vasilakos, Christos & Tzoraki, Ourania, 2017. "Evaluation of SWAT simulated soil moisture at catchment scale by field measurements and Landsat derived indices," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 55-70.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:193:y:2017:i:c:p:55-70
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sha Li & Wei Liang & Weibin Zhang & Qinghua Liu, 2016. "Response of Soil Moisture to Hydro-meteorological Variables Under Different Precipitation Gradients in the Yellow River Basin," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(6), pages 1867-1884, April.
    2. N. Maier & J. Dietrich, 2016. "Using SWAT for Strategic Planning of Basin Scale Irrigation Control Policies: a Case Study from a Humid Region in Northern Germany," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(9), pages 3285-3298, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Uniyal, Bhumika & Dietrich, Jörg, 2019. "Modifying Automatic Irrigation in SWAT for Plant Water Stress scheduling," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Mohammad Zare & Shahid Azam & David Sauchyn, 2023. "Simulation of Climate Change Impacts on Crop Yield in the Saskatchewan Grain Belt Using an Improved SWAT Model," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, November.
    3. Newton Muhury & Armando A. Apan & Tek N. Marasani & Gebiaw T. Ayele, 2022. "Modelling Floodplain Vegetation Response to Groundwater Variability Using the ArcSWAT Hydrological Model, MODIS NDVI Data, and Machine Learning," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-23, November.

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