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Europäischer Emissionshandel: Besonderheiten im Verhalten kleiner Unternehmen

Author

Listed:
  • Helene Naegele
  • Aleksandar Zaklan

Abstract

The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is the cornerstone of the European Union’s climate policy and covers just under half of the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions. More than ten years since the EU ETS was first introduced, there continues to be substantial research interest regarding its workings and the behavior of participating companies. DIW Berlin conducted three econometric studies based on microdata at the company and/or installation level. The findings suggest that, overall, there are only minor distortions in the behavior of companies regulated by the EU ETS. However, the studies also show that small companies exhibit distinctive behavior which could result in inefficiencies. For instance, during trading phase one, small companies participated less actively in trading emissions allowances than companies with a higher turnover. Moreover, the emissions produced by small power plants depend, to a certain extent, on the allocation rules. Small companies also often fail to take full advantage of the cost reduction potential of international offset credits: for a total of 22 percent of all companies (predominantly small emitters), an average of 31,000 euros in cost reduction potential remained unused. The barriers causing this loss may be interpreted as fixed transaction costs. For further ex post analyses, the timely provision of userfriendly emissions trading data at the installation level would be very beneficial. Das europäische Emissionshandelssystem ist das zentrale Element der EU-Klimapolitik und umfasst knapp die Hälfte der europäischen Treibhausgasemissionen. Mehr als zehn Jahre nach seiner Einführung besteht ein großes Forschungsinteresse an seiner Funktionsfähigkeit und am Verhalten der betroffenen Unternehmen. Die Ergebnisse dreier am DIW Berlin erstellter ökonometrischer Studien auf Basis von Mikrodaten auf Unternehmens- beziehungsweise Anlagenebene deuten darauf hin, dass es insgesamt nur geringe Verzerrungen im Firmenverhalten gibt. Allerdings zeigen sich Besonderheiten im Verhalten kleiner Unternehmen, aus denen Ineffizienzen resultieren können. So nahmen kleine Unternehmen in der ersten Handelsperiode weniger aktiv am Zertifikatehandel teil als umsatzstärkere Firmen. Zudem hängen die Emissionen kleiner Kraftwerksanlagen in einem gewissen Maß von den Zuteilungsregeln ab. Auch die Kostensenkungspotenziale aus internationalen Emissionsgutschriften nutzen kleine Unternehmen teilweise nicht: So ließen 22 Prozent aller Unternehmen, ganz überwiegend kleine Emittenten, Kostensenkungspotenziale von durchschnittlich 31 000 Euro ungenutzt. Der Grund hierfür waren vermutlich Hemmnisse, die sich als fixe Transaktionskosten interpretieren lassen. Für weitergehende Ex-post-Analysen wäre eine zeitnahe und nutzerfreundliche Bereitstellung von anlagenspezifischen Emissionshandelsdaten von großem Nutzen.

Suggested Citation

  • Helene Naegele & Aleksandar Zaklan, 2016. "Europäischer Emissionshandel: Besonderheiten im Verhalten kleiner Unternehmen," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 83(9), pages 171-179.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:83-9-1
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Emissions trading; EU ETS; transactions cost; offsets; participation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights

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