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Einkommensentwicklung von Müttern im Vergleich zu kinderlosen Frauen in Deutschland

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  • Paul Schmelzer
  • Karin Kurz
  • Kerstin Schulze

Abstract

How much income a mother loses as a result of maternity leave depends primarily on when she returns to work. If the break duration falls within the maximum legal length, the deleterious effects on the mother’s subsequent working income are only weak and short-lived; but if the break exceeds the maximum legal length, the mother experiences significantly higher and longer-lasting income loss. This affects nearly 40 percent of all mothers included in this study. One reason for this considerable discrepancy may lie in a negative signal effect: After long breaks, employers could reduce mothers to lower professional and career orientations, and therefore pay them lower wages. On the other hand, it should not be ruled out that mothers consciously choose jobs associated with lower development and earning opportunities when they return to work, since their career intentions may have changed after birth. Einkommenseinbußen von Müttern nach der Geburt eines Kindes im Vergleich zu kinderlosen Frauen hängen vor allem vom Zeitpunkt der Rückkehr in die Erwerbsarbeit ab: Mütter, die ihre Erwerbsarbeit höchstens für die Dauer der gesetzlich vorgesehenen Elternzeit unterbrechen, haben in der Folgezeit nur schwache und kurzzeitige Verdienstnachteile. Hingegen gehen Erwerbsunterbrechungen über die reguläre Freistellungsphase hinaus mit deutlich höheren und dauerhaften Verdiensteinbußen einher; dies betrifft knapp 40 Prozent aller in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Mütter. Ein Grund für die erhebliche Verdienstdifferenz könnte in einem negativen Signaleffekt liegen: Aus einer langen Erwerbsunterbrechungen könnten Arbeitgeber auf eine geringere Berufs- und Karriereorientierung der betreffenden Mütter schließen und ihnen daher niedrigere Löhne zahlen. Andererseits ist nicht auszuschließen, dass sich die Karriereorientierung nach der Geburt ändert und Mütter sich im Anschluss an ihre Erwerbspause bewusst für Jobs entscheiden, die mit geringeren Entwicklungs- und Verdienstchancen einhergehen.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Schmelzer & Karin Kurz & Kerstin Schulze, 2015. "Einkommensentwicklung von Müttern im Vergleich zu kinderlosen Frauen in Deutschland," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(47), pages 1127-1129.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-47-3
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ann-Christin Bächmann & Dörthe Gatermann, 2017. "The duration of family-related employment interruptions – the role of occupational characteristics [Die Bedeutung des Berufs für die Dauer von Erwerbsunterbrechungen nach der Geburt des ersten Kind," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 50(1), pages 143-160, August.
    2. Fuchs, Michaela & Rossen, Anja & Weyh, Antje & Wydra-Somaggio, Gabriele, 2019. "Why do women earn more than men in some regions? : Explaining regional differences in the gender pay gap in Germany," IAB-Discussion Paper 201911, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Wage losses; parental leave; maternal employment; re-entry; human capital; signaling;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

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